QUESTION ❓
Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa
Barakatuh.
Please, I have a question: If a person travels to another town, how many days can he stay there before he stops shortening his prayers and begins praying them in full?
ANSWER ❗️
Wa Alaikumussalam wa Rahmatullahi wa
Barakatuh.
If a person travels to another place
and intends to stay there for a certain period, whether he continues to shorten
his prayers (qaṣr) or returns to
praying them in full depends on the length of his intended stay and,
importantly, on the school of Islamic jurisprudence (madhhab) being
followed.
What Is Qaṣr?
Qaṣr means shortening a four-rakʿah
obligatory prayer to two rakʿahs while travelling.
It applies to:
- Ẓuhr: 4 → 2 rakʿahs
- ʿAṣr: 4 → 2 rakʿahs
- ʿIshāʾ: 4 → 2 rakʿahs
It does not apply to Fajr, which
remains two rakʿahs, or Maghrib, which remains three.
Allah says:
وَإِذَا ضَرَبْتُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ
أَن تَقْصُرُوا مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ
Wa idhā ḍarabtum fī al-arḍi fa-laysa ʿalaykum junāḥun an taqṣurū minaṣ-ṣalāh.
“And when you travel throughout the
land, there is no blame upon you for shortening the prayer.”
— Qur’an 4:101
Thus, shortening the prayer is a
concession provided by Islamic law for travellers.
According to the
Mālikī School
According to the position presented in
the question, if a traveller intends to stay at his destination for four
days or more, he takes the ruling of a resident (muqīm) and
therefore prays the four-rakʿah prayers in full.
If he intends to stay for less than
four days, he may continue to take the concession of shortening the
prayers, provided the other conditions for travelling are fulfilled.
Therefore, according to this Mālikī
position:
Intends to stay four days or more →
pray in full.
Intends to stay less than four days →
may shorten the prayers.
There Is Scholarly
Disagreement on This Issue
It is important not to present the
four-day rule as though it were unanimously agreed upon by all Muslim scholars.
The schools of Islamic jurisprudence
differ concerning the period after which a traveller who intends to stay at a
destination becomes a resident and can no longer shorten the prayer.
Therefore, someone following another
madhhab may encounter a different ruling.
This is one reason why a person should
know which juristic position he is following rather than assuming that one
particular number of days is universally agreed upon.
What If the Traveller
Has Not Decided How Long He Will Stay?
This is another situation in which the
ruling can differ depending on the circumstances and the madhhab being
followed. A person who is waiting for a matter to be completed and has not
actually formed a definite intention to remain for a particular number of days
may have a different ruling from someone who deliberately plans to stay for a
fixed period.
Therefore, the exact circumstances
should be considered.
Conclusion
According to the Mālikī position
stated here, a traveller who intends to remain at his destination for four
days or more becomes a resident for the purpose of prayer and should pray
the four-rakʿah prayers in full. If he intends to
remain for less than four days, he may continue shortening them,
provided the other conditions of travelling are fulfilled.
However, because there is legitimate
scholarly disagreement concerning the period of residence that ends the
ruling of travel, the answer should be understood in the context of the madhhab
being followed.
For a specific case, the relevant
details include the person's place of origin, the distance travelled, the
nature of the destination, whether it is considered his permanent home, and how
long he actually intends to remain there.
Wallāhu Taʿālā Aʿlam —
And Allah knows best.
Zauren Fatawoyi Bisa Al-Qur’ani da
Sunnah
ﺳُﺒﺤَﺎﻧَﻚَ ﺍﻟﻠَّﻬُﻢَّ ﻭَﺑِﺤَﻤْﺪِﻙَ ﺃﺷْﻬَﺪُ ﺃﻥ ﻟَﺎ ﺇِﻟَﻪَ ﺇِﻻَّ ﺃﻧْﺖَ ﺃﺳْﺘَﻐْﻔِﺮُﻙَ ﻭﺃَﺗُﻮﺏُ ﺇِﻟَﻴْﻚ
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