QUESTION
Assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullahi wa
barakatuh.
I live close to a mosque where the Friday prayer is held, but I am unable to attend. Can I follow the Friday prayer from home without going to the mosque?
May Allah reward you and grant you
good health.
ANSWER
Wa alaikumus salam wa rahmatullahi
wa barakatuh.
May Allah make worship easy for you
and reward you for seeking to understand the correct ruling.
The answer depends partly on whether
the person is a woman or a man, and why they are unable to attend the mosque.
If
the Person Is a Woman
The Friday prayer is not obligatory
upon women in the same way that it is upon adult men who meet the conditions
for its obligation.
The Prophet ﷺ said:
Arabic:
الْجُمُعَةُ حَقٌّ وَاجِبٌ عَلَى كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ فِي
جَمَاعَةٍ إِلَّا أَرْبَعَةً: عَبْدٌ مَمْلُوكٌ، وَامْرَأَةٌ، وَصَبِيٌّ،
وَمَرِيضٌ
Transliteration:
Al-jumuʿatu ḥaqqun wājibun ʿalā kulli muslimin fī jamāʿatin illā arbaʿah:
ʿabdun mamlūk, wamra'ah, wa ṣabiyyun, wa marīḍ.
English translation:
“The Friday prayer is an obligatory duty upon every Muslim in congregation,
except four: a slave, a woman, a child, and a sick person.”
Reference:
Sunan Abi Dawud 1067; the hadith has been authenticated by a number of hadith
scholars.
Therefore, a woman who does not
attend Jumuʿah does not need to establish a Friday prayer by herself at home.
Instead, she performs Ẓuhr prayer as four rakʿahs when its time begins.
A woman who attends the mosque and
participates in Jumuʿah may perform the Friday prayer with the congregation,
but attendance is not obligatory upon her.
What
If the Person Is an Adult Man?
For an adult Muslim man upon whom
Jumuʿah is obligatory, merely being close to the mosque does not make it
permissible to remain at home and perform Jumuʿah individually.
Allah says:
Qur'an
62:9
Arabic:
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا نُودِيَ
لِلصَّلَاةِ مِن يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ فَاسْعَوْا إِلَىٰ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ وَذَرُوا
الْبَيْعَ ۚ ذَٰلِكُمْ خَيْرٌ لَّكُمْ إِن كُنتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ
Transliteration:
Yā ayyuhā alladhīna āmanū idhā nūdiya liṣ-ṣalāti min yawmi al-jumuʿati
fasʿaw ilā dhikrillāhi wa-dharū al-bayʿ; dhālikum khayrun lakum in kuntum
taʿlamūn.
English translation:
“O you who believe, when the call is proclaimed for the prayer on Friday, then
proceed to the remembrance of Allah and leave trade. That is better for you, if
you only knew.”
Reference:
Qur'an 62:9.
The verse demonstrates the
importance of responding to the Friday prayer for those upon whom it is
obligatory.
Can
You Pray Jumuʿah Alone at Home?
No.
A person cannot simply remain at
home, listen to the imam through a loudspeaker, radio, television or online
broadcast, and regard himself as having performed Jumuʿah with the
congregation.
Jumuʿah is a congregational prayer
with specific requirements. Simply hearing the imam's voice does not turn a
person who is physically separate from the congregation into one of its
participants.
Therefore, if a person misses
Jumuʿah because of a valid excuse, he does not replace it with an
individual two-rakʿah Jumuʿah at home.
He performs Ẓuhr prayer of four
rakʿahs instead.
What
If There Is a Genuine Excuse?
Islam does not require a person to
undertake serious hardship or expose himself to harm in order to attend
Jumuʿah.
Illness, for example, can constitute
an excuse when attending the mosque would worsen the illness or cause
significant harm. Other legitimate circumstances may also excuse a person,
depending on the particular situation and the relevant rulings of Islamic
jurisprudence.
In such circumstances, the person
does not perform Jumuʿah alone. Rather, he performs four rakʿahs of Ẓuhr at
home.
This is one of the beautiful
principles of Islamic law: Allah does not intend unnecessary hardship for His
servants.
Allah says:
Qur'an
2:286
Arabic:
لَا يُكَلِّفُ اللَّهُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا
Transliteration:
Lā yukallifu Allāhu nafsan illā wusʿahā.
English translation:
“Allah does not burden a soul beyond what it can bear.”
Reference:
Qur'an 2:286.
A
Serious Warning About Deliberately Missing Jumuʿah
While Islam provides legitimate
excuses, a Muslim should not deliberately abandon Jumuʿah without a valid
reason.
The Prophet ﷺ gave a serious warning:
Arabic:
لَيَنْتَهِيَنَّ أَقْوَامٌ عَنْ وَدْعِهِمُ الْجُمُعَاتِ
أَوْ لَيَخْتِمَنَّ اللَّهُ عَلَى قُلُوبِهِمْ ثُمَّ لَيَكُونُنَّ مِنَ
الْغَافِلِينَ
Transliteration:
Layantahiyanna aqwāmun ʿan wadʿihim al-jumuʿāti aw layakhtimanna Allāhu ʿalā
qulūbihim thumma layakūnunna mina al-ghāfilīn.
English translation:
“People must stop neglecting the Friday prayers, or Allah will certainly seal
their hearts, and then they will be among the heedless.”
Reference:
Sahih Muslim 865.
This warning shows that a man upon
whom Jumuʿah is obligatory should not treat attendance casually.
What
If You Can Hear the Imam from Your House?
This is an important point in the
question.
Suppose someone lives very close to
the mosque and can clearly hear the imam through the mosque's loudspeaker. Hearing
the imam does not, by itself, mean that the person has joined the congregation.
Physical participation in the
congregational prayer and the fulfilment of the relevant conditions of Jumuʿah
remain important.
Therefore, someone who is at home
should not simply stand up and perform two rakʿahs while listening to the
mosque's prayer and consider that his Jumuʿah has been completed.
If he has a valid excuse for not
attending, he should pray Ẓuhr.
In
Summary
The ruling can be summarised as
follows:
If the person is a woman:
Jumuʿah is not obligatory upon her. She may remain at home and pray four
rakʿahs of Ẓuhr.
If the person is an adult man for
whom Jumuʿah is obligatory and he has no valid excuse:
He should attend the Friday prayer with the congregation. He should not simply
remain at home and perform Jumuʿah.
If the man has a valid Islamic
excuse:
He is excused from attending Jumuʿah and should perform four rakʿahs of Ẓuhr
at home.
If the person can hear the imam from
home:
Hearing the imam through a loudspeaker or other broadcast does not, by itself,
make the person part of the congregation or allow him to perform Jumuʿah
individually at home.
Finally, because the details of
Jumuʿah—such as its conditions, the minimum congregation and certain questions
concerning distance and attendance—have some differences among the recognised
schools of Islamic jurisprudence, anyone facing an unusual or complicated
circumstance should consult a qualified local scholar who can assess the
specific situation.
May Allah make our worship easy,
grant the sick healing, remove hardship from those facing genuine difficulties,
and enable us all to fulfil our obligations to Him correctly.
Wallāhu taʿālā aʿlam — And Allah
knows best.
Zauren Fatawoyi Bisa Al-Qur’ani da
Sunnah
Ku kasance tare da mu domin ƙarin bayanai da shawarwari masu amfani.
Zauren Fatawoyi Bisa Alkur'ani Da Sunnah.
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