QUESTION ❓
Assalamu ‘alaikum, Sheikh.
A man spent the night with his wife
and woke up in a state of janabah. However, there is no hot water
available, and the time for prayer has arrived.
Can he perform tayammum and pray, or must he wait until he obtains water with which he can perform ghusl? If he performs the prayer with tayammum, must he repeat the prayer later?
ANSWER
❗️
Wa ‘alaikumus-salam wa rahmatullahi
wa barakatuh.
Yes, a person in a state of janabah
may perform tayammum when there is a valid Sharī‘ah-approved excuse preventing
him from using water.
Being in a state of janabah does not
itself prevent a person from performing tayammum. However, the mere absence
of hot water is not automatically a sufficient excuse. The important
question is whether he can safely use the available water.
Allah says:
وَإِن
كُنتُم مَّرْضَىٰ أَوْ عَلَىٰ سَفَرٍ أَوْ جَاءَ أَحَدٌ مِّنكُم مِّنَ الْغَائِطِ
أَوْ لَامَسْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَلَمْ تَجِدُوا مَاءً فَتَيَمَّمُوا صَعِيدًا
طَيِّبًا فَامْسَحُوا بِوُجُوهِكُمْ وَأَيْدِيكُم ۗ مَا يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ
لِيَجْعَلَ عَلَيْكُم مِّنْ حَرَجٍ وَلَٰكِن يُرِيدُ لِيُطَهِّرَكُمْ وَلِيُتِمَّ
نِعْمَتَهُ عَلَيْكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ
Wa in kuntum marḍā aw ‘alā safarin
aw jā’a aḥadun minkum mina al-ghā’iṭi aw lāmastumu an-nisā’a fa-lam tajidū
mā’an fa-tayammamū ṣa‘īdan ṭayyiban fa-msahū bi-wujūhikum wa aydīkum. Mā yurīdu
Allāhu li-yaj‘ala ‘alaykum min ḥarajin wa lākin yurīdu li-yuṭahhirakum wa
liyutimmā ni‘matahu ‘alaykum la‘allakum tashkurūn.
“And if you are ill or on a journey
or one of you comes from the place of relieving himself or you have contacted
women and find no water, then seek clean earth and wipe over your faces and
hands with it. Allah does not intend to make difficulty for you, but He intends
to purify you and complete His favour upon you so that you may be grateful.”
Qur’an 5:6
This verse establishes the
legitimacy of tayammum when the relevant conditions exist.
When
Can a Person in Janabah Perform Tayammum?
1.
When Water Is Unavailable
If a person is in a state of janabah
and genuinely cannot find water after making a reasonable effort to obtain it,
he may perform tayammum and pray.
2.
When Using Water Would Cause Harm
A person may also perform tayammum
if water is available but using it would reasonably cause him harm—for example,
if he is ill and using the available water is likely to worsen his condition.
In such a situation, tayammum serves
as a legitimate substitute for purification with water.
3.
When the Available Water Is Extremely Cold and Cannot Be Safely Used
If the water is extremely cold,
using it would cause significant harm, and there is no reasonable way to heat
it, this may constitute a valid excuse for tayammum.
However, the mere fact that the
water is cold is not by itself sufficient.
If a person can safely use the cold
water, he must perform ghusl rather than resorting to tayammum simply because
he prefers warm water.
4.
When the Available Water Is Needed for Essential Drinking
If a person has only a limited
amount of water and needs to preserve it for essential drinking or another
genuine necessity, the circumstances may justify tayammum rather than using the
water for purification.
What
If There Is Cold Water but No Hot Water?
This is the key point in the
question.
If there is water available and the
person can safely use it, then he must perform ghusl with that water. He
cannot perform tayammum merely because there is no hot water.
But if the water is so cold that
using it would reasonably cause him harm, and he has no means of heating it,
then tayammum may be permissible.
Therefore, the ruling depends on the
person's actual circumstances rather than simply on whether the water is hot or
cold.
What
If He Performs Tayammum Because of a Valid Excuse?
If the person has a genuine
Sharī‘ah-approved excuse, performs tayammum correctly, and prays within the
prayer time, his prayer is valid according to the relevant ruling.
The Prophet ﷺ said:
«جُعِلَتْ
لِيَ الأَرْضُ مَسْجِدًا وَطَهُورًا»
Ju‘ilat lī al-arḍu masjidan wa
ṭahūran.
“The earth has been made for me a
place of prayer and a means of purification.”
Sahih al-Bukhari, 335; Sahih Muslim,
521.
If the person later obtains water or
the excuse preventing him from using water disappears, he should perform ghusl
for subsequent prayers.
The fact that he later obtained
water does not, by itself, mean that he must repeat a prayer that he already
performed after valid tayammum.
What
If He Performs Tayammum Without a Valid Excuse?
If water was available and he was
able to use it safely, but he nevertheless performed tayammum simply because he
did not want to use cold water, then he has not fulfilled the required
purification.
In that situation, he should perform
ghusl and pray properly. If he had already prayed with tayammum without a valid
excuse, he should seek guidance from a qualified scholar concerning the
particular prayer and circumstances.
Conclusion
A person in a state of janabah
may perform tayammum, but only when there is a legitimate excuse for not
using water.
Therefore:
- No water available:
tayammum may be performed.
- Water available but its use would cause genuine harm:
tayammum may be performed.
- Only cold water is available but it can be safely used:
ghusl must be performed with the available water.
- Cold water would cause genuine harm and cannot be
heated: tayammum may be permissible.
- A valid tayammum was performed and the prayer was
completed: the prayer does not
automatically have to be repeated merely because water becomes available
later.
Islam does not intend unnecessary
hardship, but tayammum should not be used merely for convenience when water can
safely be used.
Wallāhu A‘lam — And Allah knows
best.
Zauren Fatawoyi Bisa Al-Qur’ani da Sunnah
ﺳُﺒﺤَﺎﻧَﻚَ ﺍﻟﻠَّﻬُﻢَّ ﻭَﺑِﺤَﻤْﺪِﻙَ ﺃﺷْﻬَﺪُ ﺃﻥ ﻟَﺎ ﺇِﻟَﻪَ ﺇِﻻَّ ﺃﻧْﺖَ ﺃﺳْﺘَﻐْﻔِﺮُﻙَ ﻭﺃَﺗُﻮﺏُ ﺇِﻟَﻴْﻚ
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