Cite this article as: Giginyu A.A. & Giginyu A. M. (2025). Evaluation of the use of Mass Literacy Programmes as Powerful Mechanism for Women Sustainable Development in Jigawa State Nigeria. Zamfara International Journal of Humanities, 3(3), 25-35. www.doi.org/10.36349/zamijoh.2025.v03i03.004
EVALUATION
OF THE USE OF MASS LITERACY PROGRAMMES AS POWERFUL MECHANISM FOR WOMEN
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN JIGAWA STATE NIGERIA
Dr.
Ali Abdu Giginyu
Faculty
of Education
Federal
University Dutse, Jigawa State Nigeria
And
Dr.
Auwalu Muhammad Giginyu
Department
of Library and Information Science
Bayero
University, Kano State, Nigeria
Abstract:
This study investigates the use of Mass Literacy Programmes as Powerful
Mechanism for Women Sustainable Development in Jigawa State Nigeria. The study
adopted cross-sectional survey design. The population of the study comprised
the women enrolled in literacy programme in Jigawa State Agency for Mass
Education numbered 3,782. The sample size of the study was 364 respondents;
Data was collected through structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics:
tools such as frequency count, Percentages and mean was used. The findings
indicated that basic literacy and post literacy programmes are the major Mass
Literacy Programmes for Women Development in Jigawa State Nigeria, Capability
in utilization of phone, social media and communication, Capability in utilization
of phone, social media and communication, acquired professional/vocational
skills, promoted personal health awareness and hygiene, including maternal and
child care, avoid cultural and self-medication, improve basic incomes, family
affairs among other, in general result indicated the impact of mass literacy
programmes for women development in Jigawa State, Nigeria. The study also
recommended that joint project should be done among NGOs, stakeholders,
philanthropist, Education practitioners should increase availability and access
to literacy programmes, facilitators should Collaboration with radio programmes
in public awareness on the importance of mass literacy programmes, NGOs should
collaborate with policy makers and practitioners in strengthened and increase
literacy programmes, provision of qualified facilitators and pressure group
should put more efforts in pressurizing government Budgetary allocation to
Adult literacy programmes.
Keywords: Mass Literacy Programmes, Powerful Mechanism,
Women Sustainable Development.
Background
to the Study
Literacy is a process which
dispels and promotes rational thinking and molds human beings in becoming
responsible citizens. The absence of literacy directly and indirectly retards
the development of individuals, society, community and the country in general.
The economic, political, and social influence of the global economic
development depends on the number of literate people; Education has been
identified as one of the most important ways to achieve national development.
Despite efforts made, the level of literacy still remains low at the national
and international level. government should adopted mass literacy programmes
with emphasis on women and youth for the community to benefit from such they
must first have access to them and teach them, there should be effective and
functional mass literacy programmes needed to use of different approaches which
is currently globally utilizing.
Women literacy education is
important because it can improve their health, economic status, and
decision-making ability. It can also help them to reduce inequality and improve
the lives of their families and community. A literate mother can enhance the quality
of life of her family and even help to improve the learning capacity of the
children at school. Illiterate people are more prone to disease because of
their high level of ignorance. This means also that literacy skills are of
advantage for combating underdevelopment, destruction, backwardness in the
nation.
Women and youth for the
community to benefit from such they must first have access to them and teach
them, there should be effective and functional mass literacy programmes needed
to use of different approaches which is currently globally utilizing. A literacy
mother can enhance the quality of life of her family and even help to improve
the learning capacity of the children at school. Illiterate people are more
prone to disease because of their high level of ignorance.
Women
are the most vital resources for the community development, the ability and
capacity of the women to derived benefit from and contribute to community
development depend on their level of literacy and sustainable development
programmes. Women are commonly associated with characteristics such as
helpfulness, kindness, gentleness, warmth and empathy rather than with the
qualities attributed to males such as competence, independence and
industriousness. Globally, the overall literacy rate stands as a commendable
level for individuals aged 15 and above, the combined literacy rate for both
genders is 86.3%. Males in this age group exhibit a literacy rate of 90%, with
females closely trailing at 82.7%. In 2025, Nigeria's adult literacy rate
(people aged 15 and above) is estimated to be around 63.16%, with gap, where
male literacy is higher than female. Male literacy rate is estimated at 69.19%,
female literacy 49.68%. 33,902,929 adult female are estimated to be illiterate.
The government of Nigeria is working to reduce out-of-school children by 15
million by 2027 and increase primary school enrollment to 90% by 2030 (UNESCO,
2025).
Statement
of the Problem
Women as primary caregiver,
house manager, community leaders, and backbone of the community sustainable
development, play an integral as well as crucial roles in the socio-economic,
political development of any given society. As a popular proverbs say the
wisest of women build her house, but folly with her own hands tears it down,
the wife of the mother, if you don't have a house. Education levels can be
determine the level of development of a society. It is a key factor in a
society's economic growth, innovations, and social cohesion. It can also reduce
poverty, improve health and promote gender equality, help to develop skills and
knowledge. Women literacy education can empowers them, improve their health,
economic status, build better future for the families, strengthen their
decision-making, help in reduce inequality and improve the lives of their
families and communities. Despite global efforts UNESCO (2024) reported that
754 million adults (over 15 years old) are illiterate, and 250 million children
are out of school in Nigeria, literacy rate stands at 59.57%. The poverty rate
estimated between 38.8% and 40.7% due to inflation, poor economic management,
weak job creation, corruption, limited access to sound education and health,
climate change, irregular rainfall pattern, fuel price increases and poor
government policies that lead to some challenges in the nation such as massive
and higher rate of unemployment among youth and women, hardship, hunger,
poverty, insecurity, low agricultural productivities, poor child school
enrollment (World Bank, 2024).
A literacy mother can
enhance the quality of life of her family and even help to improve the learning
capacity of the children at school. Illiterate people are more prone to disease
because of their high level of ignorance. Women are the most vital resources
for the community development, the ability and capacity of the women to derived
benefit from and contribute to community development depend on their level of
literacy and sustainable development programmes. Despite the importance and
efforts made, literacy rate for women remain low. UNESCO (2024) reported that
the global literacy rate is over 86 (males have 90% while female have 82.7%).
As October 2024, the literacy rate for adult women in Nigerian was 49.68% and
information about the female literacy in Jigawa state is not currently
available since 2021 71.35%. This paper therefore seeks to contribute to the
ongoing debate on the need to expand women access to education globally.
Objectives of the study
The general objective of this study is to evaluate of the use of Mass
Literacy Programmes as Powerful Mechanism for Women sustainable development in
Jigawa state Nigeria. The specific
objectives: to
1. Identified the Mass Literacy Programmes for women sustainable
development in Jigawa state, and
2. Determine the impacts of the Mass Literacy Programmes for
women sustainable development in Jigawa state.
This research adopted Longitudinal Survey Design. The population of the study
comprised the women enrollment on literacy programme in Jigawa State Agency for
Mass Education numbered 3,782 (JSAME, 2025). The data was collected from a
sample size of 364 respondents determined by Taro Yameni (1967) sample size
table. Simple Random Sampling Procedure was used; the respondents probably
selected at random, each member has an equal chance, the data was collected
from primary sources through structured questionnaires as an instrument,
titled: Mass literacy Programme as Powerful Mechanism for Women Development
Questionnaire (MLPPMWDQ). Descriptive statistics were employed, frequency
count, Percentages and mean was used. The decision rule was determined by the
use of criterion Mean score of 2.50. Mean of 2.50 and above, suggests an
agreement with the statement under investigation. Similarly, any variable that
score less than average mean of 2.50 indicated disagreement. This decision rule
criteria were adopted from (Yusuf, et al, 2017).
Literacy
Literacy
is not just the ability to read and write, it is an indispensable means for
effective, social and economic participation contributing to human development
and poverty reduction”. Literacy empowers and nurture inclusive societies and
contributes to the fair implementation of human rights. In case of mothers,
literacy leads to an enhanced quality of life for their families and improved
education outcomes for their children. Literacy programme has to address the
needs of individual as well as the family. Literacy in the workplace and in the
community, as well as in society and in the nation in tune with goals of
economic, social and cultural development of all people in all countries”
(UNESCO, 2005). Therefore, the literacy
programmes should address the needs i.e. empowering women/entrepreneurship such
as weaving, sewing, for their sustainability.
Impact
of Women Literacy Education
Women's
literacy skills are crucial as they improve the quality of life. Educated women
tend to have healthier families, better-nourished children, and higher
standards of living. Education opens doors to employment opportunities,
enabling women to earn income and contribute to their families' financial
stability. Educated women are more likely to participate in community
development, advocate for their rights, and challenge societal norms. Education
empowers women to make informed decisions about their health, leading to better
health outcomes for themselves and their families. Educated women are more
likely to break the cycle of poverty, ensuring a brighter future for their
children (Egbuka, et al 2024).
The
society and the family tend to gain from a literate woman. In other words, when
women are literate, it is the society that gains. Literacy education is seen as
a powerful agent of socialization in that it plays a tremendous role in
preparing an individual to tender active and useful service both to the family
and society in general. Literacy gives women a voice in their families, in
political life and on the world stage. It is a first step towards personal
freedom and broader prosperity (UNESCO, 2010). The advantages of a literate
woman can be seen in the life of the family, the economic and political life of
the society. Thus, study evaluated
the use of Mass Literacy Programmes as Powerful Mechanism for women sustainable
development in Jigawa state Nigeria.
Women
and Social Benefits
Literacy
has been found to have huge social benefits; such as increased life expectancy,
reduced child mortality, raising healthy children and educating them. In
addition, women can also help government to achieve its laudable goals and
objectives through public enlightenment and national mobilization campaigns. In
general, literacy education wipes away ignorance, political apathy and
encourages mutual understanding and cooperation among the various strata of
society through women.
Women
and Economic Benefits
The
most important measurable forms of economic benefits include employment,
earnings, enhanced general productivity, consumption behaviour, fiscal capacity
(including tax revenue and the demand for social services), and
intergenerational effect. One of the most consistent correlations in social
sciences is between increased literacy skills and the probability of
employment. Literacy properly designed and provided, is understood to impart
skills and knowledge to participants that make them more productive in
self-employment or in employment by others (UNESCO, 2006).
Efedi
(2008) said literate women create income or wealth for the family through their
good and benefiting employment whether in private or public sector. They
cultivate and grow food to feed the family and the nation at large, literacy
education can help women increase productivity, earn higher incomes and reduce
poverty. They also able to participate in self-employment, private and public
sector in which leads to higher wage earning, more access to credit and
production of goods for home consumption
Women
and Political Development
Women
who constitute a large proportion of the nation’s population have important
role to play in politics and nation building. Yet a large proportion of these
women are illiterate and consequently, their level of participation is low when
compared with the participation of men. In addition, cultural values which
emphasize women’s primary roles as wives and home makers are psychological
barriers to women. As a result, women are less interested in politics and see
politics as a man’s world. Women should therefore be given basic education
required to enable them participate in development process. Women should
acquire a proper awareness of their potentials, rights and higher
responsibilities in society (Okojie, 2011).
Women
need more enlightenment and bolder action to actualize gender equality and
women empowerment especially in the political arena. This can only be achieved
through quality basic education. Women and Economic Development. Literacy
education has been found to have positive impacts on self-development and
economic status – Education has been consistently shown to be a major
determinant of individual income, alongside professional experience as reported
by EFA Global Report (UNESCO, 2006). Educated women are more able to engage in
productive activities, find formal sector employment and earn higher wages, and
enjoy greater return to their education than the less educated women. In
addition women have limited access to productive resources such as land, credit
and wage employment. Women rarely have titles to land and cannot use them as
collateral to obtain credit as pointed out by Okojie (2011). Majority of
Nigerian women are in self-employment in the urban informal and agricultural
sectors according to National Bureau of Statistics (2024). Therefore, literate
women can also help government to achieve its aims and objectives through
public enlightenment and national mobilization campaigns, to also save as
powerful mechanism for community sustainable development
The
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
One
major problem that has sustained to distress development of the Developing
World is citizens’ low literacy level. This problem can be attributed to
relative poverty and national development policies that have failed to meet
international best practices. The United Nations (UN, 2015) set of the 2030
Agenda or project 2023 for Sustainable Development’s, it is a global call to
put an end to poverty, secure the planet and ensure that everyone enjoys peace
and prosperity by 2030. Nigeria was among 193 countries member worldwide
endorsed SDGs in at UN Conference on Sustainable Development in Rio de janeiro,
Brazil wich lead to the adoption of the eight time-bound SDGs with several
goals and targets to be achieved in 2030, aim to promote development by improving
social and economic conditions in the world’s poorest countries and address
global environmental, social, political, and economic challenges. Some of the
SDGs include:
The
first goal: End poverty in all its forms everywhere: targeted to by 2030: 1.
Eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, currently measured as
people living on less than $1.25 a day. 2. Reduce at least by half the
proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its
dimensions according to national definitions. 3 Implement nationally
appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors,
and achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable. 4. Ensure that
all men and women, in particular the poor and the vulnerable, have equal rights
to economic resources, as well as access to basic services, ownership and
control over land and other forms of property, inheritance, natural resources, appropriate
new technology and financial services, including microfinance. 5. Build the
resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and reduce their
exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other
economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters. 1.a Ensure significant
mobilization of resources from a variety of sources, including through enhanced
development cooperation, in order to provide adequate and predictable means for
developing countries, in particular least developed countries, to implement
programmes and policies to end poverty in all its dimensions Target 1.b Create
sound policy frameworks at the national, regional and international levels,
based on pro-poor and gender-sensitive development strategies, to support
accelerated investment in poverty eradication actions (ibidi)
The
second goal: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and
promote sustainable agriculture. Target by 2030: 1. End hunger and ensure
access by all people, in particular the poor and people in vulnerable
situations, including infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year
round. Target: 2. End all forms of malnutrition, including achieving, by 2025,
the internationally agreed targets on stunting and wasting in children under 5
years of age, and address the nutritional needs of adolescent girls, pregnant
and lactating women and older persons 3. double the agricultural productivity
and incomes of small-scale food producers, in particular women, indigenous
peoples, family farmers, pastoralists and fishers, including through secure and
equal access to land, other productive resources and inputs, knowledge,
financial services, markets and opportunities for value addition and non-farm
employment 4. ensure sustainable food production systems and implement
resilient agricultural practices that increase productivity and production,
that help maintain ecosystems, that strengthen capacity for adaptation to
climate change, extreme weather, drought, flooding and other disasters and that
progressively improve land and soil quality. 5. Maintain the genetic diversity
of seeds, cultivated plants and farmed and domesticated animals and their related
wild species, including through soundly A/RES/70/1 Transforming our world: the
2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 16/35 managed and diversified seed and
plant banks at the national, regional and international levels, and promote
access to and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the
utilization of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge, as
internationally agreed Target 2.a Increase investment, including through
enhanced international cooperation, in rural infrastructure, agricultural
research and extension services, technology development and plant and livestock
gene banks in order to enhance agricultural productive capacity in developing
countries, in particular least developed countries Target 2.b Correct and
prevent trade restrictions and distortions in world agricultural markets,
including through the parallel elimination of all forms of agricultural export
subsidies and all export measures with equivalent effect, in accordance with
the mandate of the Doha Development Round Target 2.c Adopt measures to ensure
the proper functioning of food commodity markets and their derivatives and facilitate
timely access to market information, including on food reserves, in order to
help limit extreme food price volatility (ibidi)
The
fourth goal: Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote
lifelong learning opportunities for all targeted by 2030, 1. Ensure that all
girls and boys complete free, equitable and quality primary and secondary
education leading to relevant and effective learning outcomes 2. Ensure that
all girls and boys have access to quality early childhood development, care and
pre-primary education so that they are ready for primary education 3. Ensure
equal access for all women and men to affordable and quality technical,
vocational and tertiary education, including university. 4. Substantially
increase the number of youth and adults who have relevant skills, including
technical and vocational skills, for employment, decent jobs and
entrepreneurship. 5. Eliminate gender disparities in education and ensure equal
access to all levels of education and vocational training for the vulnerable,
including persons with disabilities, indigenous peoples and children in
vulnerable situations 6. ensure that all youth and a substantial proportion of
adults, both men and women, achieve literacy and numeracy 7. ensure that all
learners acquire the knowledge and skills needed to promote sustainable
development, including, among others, through education for sustainable
development and sustainable lifestyles, human rights, gender equality,
promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence, global citizenship and
appreciation of cultural diversity and of culture’s contribution to sustainable
development Target 4.a Build and upgrade education facilities that are child,
disability and gender sensitive and provide safe, non-violent, inclusive and
effective learning environments for all Target 4.by 2020, substantially expand
globally the number of scholarships available to developing countries, in
particular least developed countries, small island developing States and
African countries, for enrolment in higher education, including vocational
training and information and communications technology, technical, engineering and
scientific programmes, in developed countries and other developing countries
Target 4.c by 2030, substantially increase the supply of qualified teachers,
including through international cooperation for teacher training in developing
countries, especially least developed countries and small island developing
States A/RES/70/1 Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
18/35 (ibidi) (Crossroads, 2003).
The
fifth goal: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls Targeted by
2023 1. End all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere.
2. Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in the public
and private spheres, including trafficking and sexual and other types of
exploitation. 3. Eliminate all harmful practices, such as child, early and
forced marriage and female genital mutilation. 4. Recognize and value unpaid
care and domestic work through the provision of public services, infrastructure
and social protection policies and the promotion of shared responsibility
within the household and the family as nationally appropriate. 5. Ensure
women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership
at all levels of decision-making in political, economic and public life Target
6. Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive
rights as agreed in accordance with the Programme of Action of the
International Conference on Population and Development and the Beijing Platform
for Action and the outcome documents of their review conferences Target 5.a
Undertake reforms to give women equal rights to economic resources, as well as
access to ownership and control over land and other forms of property,
financial services, inheritance and natural resources, in accordance with
national laws Target 5.b Enhance the use of enabling technology, in particular information
and communications technology, to promote the empowerment of women Target 5.c Adopt
and strengthen sound policies and enforceable legislation for the promotion of
gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls at all levels
(ibidi)
Goal
8. Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and
productive employment and decent work for all 1. Sustain per capita economic
growth in accordance with national circumstances and, in particular, at least
7% gross domestic product growth per annum in the least developed countries. 2.
Achieve higher levels of economic productivity through diversification,
technological upgrading and innovation, including through a focus on high-value
added and labor-intensive sectors 3. Promote development-oriented policies that
support productive activities, decent job creation, entrepreneurship,
creativity and innovation, and encourage the formalization and growth of
micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises, including through access to financial
services. 4. Improve progressively, through 2030, global resource efficiency in
consumption and production and endeavour to decouple economic growth from
environmental degradation, in accordance with the 10-Year Framework of
Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production, with developed countries
taking the lead 5.achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all
women and men, including for young people and persons with disabilities, and
equal pay for work of equal value 6. Substantially reduce the proportion of
youth not in employment, education or training A/RES/70/1 Transforming our
world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 20/35 Target 7. Take
immediate and effective measures to eradicate forced labour, end modern slavery
and human trafficking and secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst
forms of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by
2025 end child labour in all its forms Target 8.8 Protect labour rights and
promote safe and secure working environments for all workers, including migrant
workers, in particular women migrants, and those in precarious employment 9.
Devise and implement policies to promote sustainable tourism that creates jobs
and promotes local culture and products. 10 Strengthen the capacity of domestic
financial institutions to encourage and expand access to banking, insurance and
financial services for all Target 8. a Increase Aid for Trade support for
developing countries, in particular least developed countries, including
through the Enhanced Integrated Framework for Trade-related Technical
Assistance to Least Developed Countries Target 8.b. develop and operationalize
a global strategy for youth employment and implement the Global Jobs Pact of
the International Labour Organization (ibidi)
Women play a great roles in
everyone's life without whom men's cannot imagine their success of life, as
popular adage says behind every successful man there's a women, meant that men
needed a supportive women for their affectionate companions. Women play very
substantial roles in development of any given society from cradle till the
grave, they play an excessive starring role in the growth and development of
the community, without whom nothing is possible for men. The role of women in sustainable community development
is multidimensional and their determinations need to be enhanced at every
forefront, they are first responders to any particular family, they play many
immeasurable protagonists in sustainable community development includes
economic, social, political, environmental and agricultural productivity.
Therefore, the role of women in family institution is
multidimensional and their efforts need to be heightened at every vanguard, for
the reason that they are paramount responders to any given family, they
executes myriad immeasurable protagonists sustainability and community
development in all aspect of lifestyles of community, this comprises economic,
social connection, political, environmental maintenance and upkeep, advisors,
guidance and counselor, physical and mental health, personal relations, career
or personal development, educational ambitions, financial intervention,
spiritual, recreation and hobbies, domestic life or household management,
parenting, self or family care and preventive measures, creativity or self-
expression and determination, eco-friendly or charitable causes, agricultural
productivity. Thus, based on the aforementioned background it is debt to me to
explore the evaluation of the use of mass literacy programmes as
powerful mechanism for women sustainable development in Jigawa state, Nigeria.
Result
The
section presents demographic characteristics of the respondents, the analysis
of the data, findings and discussions of the research objectives as follows:
Table 1: Demographic Characteristics of the Respondents
|
|
Variable |
Options |
|
Frequency |
|
Percentage |
|
|
Age |
Less
than 20 |
|
33 |
|
9 |
|
|
|
21-35 |
|
134 |
|
37.5 |
|
|
|
36-45 |
|
162 |
|
45 |
|
|
|
46-55 |
|
23 |
|
6.4 |
|
|
|
56
and above |
|
5 |
|
1.4 |
|
|
Marital Status |
Single |
|
17 |
|
4.76 |
|
|
|
Marriage
|
|
96 |
|
26.89 |
|
|
|
Divorcee
|
|
143 |
|
40 |
|
|
|
Separate |
|
54 |
|
15 |
|
|
|
Widower
|
|
47 |
|
13 |
|
|
Family size |
0-3 |
|
97 |
|
27 |
|
|
|
4-6 |
|
107 |
|
30 |
|
|
|
7-9 |
|
141 |
|
39 |
|
|
|
10
and above |
|
15 |
|
4% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Source: (Field survey; 2025)
Table 1 presents the demographic data of
respondents. According to the table; age respondents with less than 20 years of
age constituted 33 (9%), 21 – 35 oldness constituted 134 (37.5%), 36 – 45 old
constituted 162 (45%), 46 – 55years constituted 23 (6.4%) and 56 and above
established 5 (1.4%) of the sample. Consequently, on other hand marital status
of the respondents 17 (4.76%) are single, while 96 (26.89%) are married,
similar 143 (40%) are divorcees, 54 (15%) are separated whereas 47 (13%) are
widowers. In terms of the family size 0-3 are 97 (27%), families with 4-6
members are 107 (30%), those with 7-9 are 141 (39%) and 10 and above are 15
(4%) of the respondents.
Table 2: Mass Literacy Programmes for Women
Development in
Jigawa State, Nigeria
|
Programmes
|
Freq. |
Perc. |
|
Ranking |
Decision |
|
Basic
Literacy Programme |
207 |
58% |
2.91 |
1st |
Higher
|
|
Post
Literacy Programme |
150 |
42% |
2.09 |
2nd
|
Lower |
|
Total |
364 |
100% |
5.00 |
|
|
Source: (Jigawa State Agency for Mass
Education, Template for School Details; 2025)
Table
2 indicates that the Mass
Literacy Programmes for Women Development in Jigawa State Nigeria, basic
literacy programme got higher score with 207 respondents with 2.91 mean (58%)
as first rank, and involvement of women in post literacy programme had lower
score with 150 respondents whereas 42%, 2.09 mean score as second ranking.
Therefore, result shown that women in the study area were absolutely enrolling
in basic literacy than post literacy programme
Table 3: Impact of the Mass Literacy
Programmes for Women Development in Jigawa State, Nigeria
|
|
Freq. |
Perc. |
Mean |
Rank |
Decision |
|
Capability
in utilization of phone, social media and communication |
277 |
77.5 |
3.88 |
1st |
Impacted |
|
Acquired
professional/vocational skills such as cloth weaving, tie and dye, farming,
food processing and preservation, dress making, cooking, cosmetology,
secretarial, and computer studies. promoted
personal health awareness and hygiene, including maternal and child care,
safe mother, nutrition and safe motherhood, immunization, anti, post natal
and contraceptive care services among others Avoid
cultural and self-medication Improve
basic incomes, family affairs such as children extra lesson as well as
self-improvement and living standard |
196
185 152
185 |
55
52 42.61
51.88 |
2.75
2.61 2.13
2.59 |
2nd
3rd
5th
4th
|
Impacted
Impacted Need impro.
Impacted |
|
Total |
364 |
100% |
5.00 |
|
|
Source: (Field Survey; 2025)
Table 3 indicates
the impact of the Mass Literacy Programmes for Women Development in Jigawa
State, Nigeria: Capability
in utilization of phone, social media and communication with 277 respondents, 77.5%, 3.88 mean score positively. Acquired
professional/vocational skills such as cloth weaving, tie and dye, farming,
food processing and preservation, dress making, cooking, cosmetology,
secretarial, and computer studies with 196 respondents, 55%, 2.75 mean. Promoted
personal health awareness and hygiene, including maternal and child care, safe
mother, nutrition and safe motherhood, immunization, anti, post natal and
contraceptive care services among others, 185 respondents, 52%, 2.61 mean
score. Avoid cultural and self-medication with 152 respondents, 42.61%, 2.13
mean score, it likewise needs to improvement. Improve basic incomes,
family affairs such as children extra lesson as well as self-improvement and
living standard with 185 respondents, 51.88%, 2.59 mean score, it also
impacted.
Conclusion
This
research has examined in what way mass literacy programme could boost women’s
development as powerful mechanism for their development socially, economically,
politically through appropriate empowerment programmes such as accessible basic
facilities/ amenities such as constant electricity's, conducive atmosphere
environment, diminish Cultural barriers, satisfactory qualified and
trained instructors, adequate access to resources, technologies gadgets, public
awareness, suitable time factor, diminish exorbitant and excessive expenses.
In conclusion, the mass literacy program is
regarded as a powerful mechanism for women's development, particularly in
Jigawa State and across Nigeria as a whole.
Recommendations
Based
on the findings of the study, the following recommendations are positioned
frontward for the advancement of the use of mass literacy programme as the
powerful mechanism for women development the study are as follows:
1.
Joint project should be done between NGOs,
stakeholders, philanthropist, Education practitioners to increase availability
and access to literacy programmes such as accessible basic facilities/
amenities i.e. constant electricity's, conducive atmosphere environment,
diminish cultural barriers, satisfactory qualified and trained
instructors, adequate access to resources, technologies gadgets, suitable time
factor, diminish exorbitant and excessive expenses.
2.
Facilitators should collaboration with radio
programmes in public awareness on the importance of mass literacy programmes
for women development in the nation
3.
Pressure group such as women association,
TUC, NUT, NBA, NLC, Human Right, should put efforts in pressurizing government
Budgetary allocation to adult literacy programmes should be increased.
References
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