Question
Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa
Barakatuh.
What is the Islamic ruling on a person who makes supplications in the Hausa language while performing Salah (prayer)?
Answer
Wa Alaikumus Salam wa Rahmatullahi
wa Barakatuh.
Islamic scholars have differed
regarding the permissibility of making supplications in a language other than
Arabic during Salah. There are three major scholarly positions on this issue:
1.
The First Opinion
Some scholars hold that a person who
cannot speak Arabic may make supplications in their own language during Salah.
However, someone who is proficient in Arabic should not use another language
for supplication. According to some explanations of this position, deliberately
doing so despite being able to speak Arabic may invalidate the prayer.
2.
The Second Opinion
Other scholars maintain that making
supplications in one's own language during Salah is permissible, whether the
person can speak Arabic or not.
3.
The Third Opinion
A third group of scholars holds that
making supplications in a language other than Arabic is not permissible during
Salah, regardless of whether the person understands Arabic.
For these scholarly positions, see Al-Mawsu'ah
Al-Fiqhiyyah Al-Kuwaitiyyah, 11/172–173.
The
Stronger Opinion
The first opinion appears to be the
more cautious and preferable position: a person who cannot speak Arabic, or who
cannot properly pronounce a supplication in Arabic, may make supplications in
their own language during Salah, particularly in places where supplication is
prescribed, such as during prostration (Sujud).
One reason supporting this position
is that Allah, the Most High, knows every language and understands the
intentions and needs of His servants, even when they cannot express them in
Arabic.
Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah (may
Allah have mercy on him) explained:
“Supplication is permissible in
Arabic and in other languages. Allah, the Most High, knows the intention of the
person making supplication and what they are asking for, even if their language
cannot adequately express it. Indeed, Allah knows what sounds contain, despite
the differences in languages and needs.”
See Majmu' al-Fatawa, 22/489.
Allah, the Most High, also says:
لَا
يُكَلِّفُ اللَّهُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا
Lā yukallifullāhu nafsan illā
wusʿahā.
“Allah does not burden a soul beyond
what it can bear.” (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:286).
Can
Someone Who Understands Arabic Make Supplications in Hausa?
This is where the difference of
scholarly opinion becomes particularly relevant. Some scholars prohibit it,
while others permit it.
Therefore, a person who understands
Arabic is better advised to use the supplications reported from the Prophet
Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) in Arabic, particularly those
prescribed during Salah.
However, it is important to
distinguish between supplication and the obligatory recitation performed during
prayer.
For example, Surah Al-Fatihah and
other Qur'anic recitations cannot be replaced with their translations or
recited in another language as a substitute for the Arabic Qur'an. The
discussion here concerns personal supplications, not the recitation of the Qur'an.
Conclusion
A person who cannot speak Arabic, or
who cannot properly pronounce a supplication in Arabic, may make supplications
in Hausa during the appropriate parts of Salah, such as during prostration,
according to the first scholarly opinion discussed above.
However, someone who can speak
Arabic is better advised to use the supplications authentically reported from
the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), while recognising that
scholars have differed on the permissibility of making personal supplications
in other languages during Salah.
And Allah knows best.
Wallāhu Taʿālā Aʿlam — And Allah
knows best.
Zauren Fatawoyi Bisa Alƙur'ani da
Sunnah.
WALLAHU A'ALAM.
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