Cite this article as: Olarewaju, E. O. (2025). Netspeak and morphological features in online communication: A sociolinguistic analysis. Sokoto Journal of Linguistics and Communication Studies (SOJOLICS), 1(1), 204–212. www.doi.org/10.36349/sojolics.2025.v01i01.025
NETSPEAK AND MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES IN ONLINE COMMUNICATION: A SOCIOLINGUISTIC ANALYSIS
By
Department of English, Obafemi Awolowo
University,Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Abstract
This study
examines the morphological features in Netspeak across three major social media
platforms: Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok. Data are sixty (60) randomly
selected comments at twenty (20) from each platform. The study employs a mixed-theoretical
approach, grounded in the following theoretical frameworks: Sociolinguistic
Theory, Language Contact Theory, Morphological Theory and Computer-Mediated
Communication (CMC) Theory. The study employs mixed methods of quantitative and
qualitative descriptive methods for data analysis and discussion of findings.
The findings reveal the recurrent use of clipping, such as “congrats” and
“abeg”; blending, as in “womb opener”; and “PTSD”; and acronyms/initialisms,
including “BBN” and “BVN”. It is also observed that Netspeak is not random or
chaotic but follows discernible linguistic patterns. The study demonstrates
that the dominance of clipping, blending, acronyms, and neologisms reveals a
strong tendency toward linguistic compression and personalization. The study
concludes that Netspeak is a mirror of modern communication, flexible,
innovative, and deeply rooted in user experience.
Keywords: Netspeak, morphological features, online
communication, morphological creativity, modern communication
1. Introduction
Language is a
dynamic system that evolves with the changing needs of its users, adapting to
different contexts, technologies, and modes of communication (William et al.,
2024). One of the most transformative developments in recent decades has been
the advent of digital communication platforms such as instant messaging, social
media, blogs, and forums. These platforms have given rise to a unique form of
linguistic expression popularly referred to as "Netspeak." Netspeak,
as coined by David Crystal (2006), encompasses the unconventional and often
innovative use of language on the internet, including abbreviations, acronyms,
emoticons, spelling variants, and the mixing of formal and informal styles.
In the context of
morphology, the study of word structure and formation, Netspeak presents a
fertile ground for examining how users manipulate linguistic forms to suit the
speed, brevity, and tone required in online communication (Crystar, 2001). The
informal nature of digital platforms often leads to the creation of new
morphemes, clippings, blends, reduplications, affixations, and other forms of
word-formation that challenge traditional morphological norms. For example,
expressions like “lolz,” “unfriend,” “selfie,” or “repost” reflect not only
semantic creativity but also morphological adaptability. These developments
prompt important questions about how morphology is reshaped by the
communicative constraints and affordances of online media.
Although, there
have been considerable scholarly efforts on the sociolinguistic and pragmatic
aspects of online discourse, there seems to be a gap in the literature
concerning the specific morphological patterns and innovations embedded in
Netspeak. Many of these linguistic phenomena defy standard grammatical rules,
yet they are widely used and understood within digital communities. This study
intends to fill this gap through identification of the need to explore the
morphological processes that characterize Netspeak and how existing words are
modified, how new words are formed, and how digital communicative norms
influence such linguistic choices. With this, the research contributes to the
growing field of digital linguistics by offering a morphological perspective on
Netspeak; enhances the understanding of how language adapts to new modes of
communication; and provides insights into the linguistic creativity of internet
users.
Hence, this study
aims to study Netspeak morphological processes in online communication.
Specifically, it focuses on the morphological characteristics of English used
in online communication, particularly in informal digital platforms such as
WhatsApp chats, Twitter posts (now X), Facebook comments, Instagram, and
internet memes. The objectives are: to identify and describe the morphological
features common in Netspeak; to examine the word-formation processes evident in
online communication; and to analyse how morphological rules are adapted or
altered in digital contexts.
2. Literature Review
Several studies
have explored how Netspeak affects word formation and the use of morphology in
online settings. Tagliamonte and Denis (2008), in their study of instant
messaging among Canadian teenagers, observed that despite the informal nature
of online writing, users displayed a high level of linguistic awareness and
regularly adapted morphological rules to suit new communicative contexts. They
found extensive use of abbreviations, acronyms, and non-standard spellings that
were functionally motivated rather than careless.
Similarly, Danet
and Herring (2007) highlighted the creative strategies employed in online
writing, including morphological play such as reduplication (e.g., “yumyum”),
emphatic suffixation (e.g., “cutiepie”), and inventive compounds. Their
research shows that far from degrading language, Netspeak often reflects
linguistic playfulness and user agency.
In Nigeria,
studies have begun to document how local speakers adapt English morphology in
digital settings. Ugoji (2015) found that Nigerian users on WhatsApp and
Facebook frequently blend English with local languages to coin new terms or
express concepts with cultural relevance. Akpan (2019) analysed Twitter usage
among Nigerian youth and observed unique morphological blends and lexical
innovations such as “chop-life” or “famzing,” which combine local semantic
patterns with English morphology. These hybrid forms reflect not only
creativity but also identity construction and cultural expression in online
spaces.
Other empirical
investigations have looked at the implications of Netspeak for language
education. Some scholars, like Kemp and Bushnell (2011), worry that frequent
exposure to Netspeak may reinforce non-standard spelling or grammar in formal
writing. On the other hand, Crystal (2011) and Plester et al. (2009) argue that
students who use Netspeak often have greater metalinguistic awareness and are
able to switch registers depending on context. These conflicting findings
suggest the need for more context-sensitive and nuanced research, especially in
multilingual societies where digital English is not the first language.
3. Theoretical Framework
This
sociolinguistic research employs a mixed-theoretical framework approach,
grounded in the following theoretical frameworks:
Sociolinguistic
Theory: This theory, developed by Hymes (1972), emphasises the relationship
between language and society. It posits that language is a social construct and
is shaped by the social context in which it is used. This theory is relevant to
the study as it explores how Nigerian online communicators use Netspeak and
morphological transformation in their online interactions.
Language Contact
Theory: This theory, proposed by Weinreich (1953), explains how languages come
into contact and influence each other (Adegbite, 2020). In the context of
Nigerian online communication, language contact occurs between English,
Nigerian languages, and online language (Netspeak).
Morphological
Theory: This theory, discussed by Aronoff (1976), examines the internal
structure of words and how they are formed. The study of morphological
transformation in Nigerian online communication can be informed by this theory.
Computer-Mediated
Communication (CMC) Theory: This theory, developed by Herring (1996), explores
the characteristics of online communication, including Netspeak. It provides a
framework for understanding the linguistic features of online communication. The
study emphasises the observable morphological phenomena within these contexts
and does not extend to phonological or syntactic aspects unless directly
relevant to morphology.
4. Research Methodology
This study adopts
a qualitative research design, specifically a descriptive and interpretive
approach. The population for this study comprises user-generated comments
posted on major social media platforms: Facebook, TikTok, and Instagram were
selected due to their large user base, linguistic diversity, and significant
role in shaping online language trends. A purposive sampling technique was
employed and 20 comments were purposively selected from each platform, making a
total of 60 comments. Data were collected through a digital ethnographic
approach involving direct observation and manual retrieval of public comments
from selected Facebook, TikTok, and Instagram posts. The analysis was conducted
using qualitative content analysis. Comments were first transcribed (where
necessary) and carefully examined for morphological features, including
affixation, clipping, acronym formation, compounding, reduplication,
neologisms, and the use of internet-specific expressions. Each comment was
categorised based on the morphological process or feature it exemplifies.
4.1 Ethical Considerations
Since the study is
based on publicly available data from social media platforms, the comments were
treated solely as linguistic artifacts, and their use is strictly for academic
and illustrative purposes. The study avoids any form of personal judgment or
interpretation of user intent, focusing solely on the linguistic features
presented in the data.
5. Data Analysis and Discussion of
Findings
The analyses
involve the data collected from three major social media platforms, namely,
Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok. A total of sixty user-generated comments were
selected, with twenty drawn from each platform. These comments were purposively
chosen to illustrate the morphological innovations characteristic of Netspeak.
The data reflect language use in real time and in natural, informal contexts
where users express themselves freely, creatively, and often unconventionally.
The comments serve as linguistic evidence of how internet users negotiate
meaning, emotion, identity, and community using modified word forms and novel
expressions.
5.1 Analysis of Morphological
Processes in Netspeak
1. Clipping
Clipping is a
prominent morphological process in online communication, where words are
shortened without changing their meaning or grammatical category. The primary
purpose is brevity, ease of use, and alignment with the informal, fast-paced
nature of social media interactions. In the dataset drawn from Facebook,
Instagram, and TikTok, several clear examples illustrate how users engage in
this form of morphological reduction.
One of the most
obvious examples appears in both TikTok CN14 and Instagram CN10, where
users say “Congrats” in place of “Congratulations.” This is a widely recognized
clipping that maintains the core intent of congratulating someone, yet does so
in a manner that is quicker and stylistically casual. It is commonly used in
celebratory posts, responses to achievements, or supportive comments.
In Facebook
CN15, the term “Pro” is used in the statement “Your fashion designer is a
Pro.” This is a clipped form of “professional” and is typically used to refer
to someone who is exceptionally skilled at a particular task. The use of “Pro”
is not only shorter but also more immediate and impactful in tone, contributing
to the linguistic efficiency characteristic of online interactions.
Another example is
“Abeg,” seen in Instagram CN12 (“Abeg make person summarise everything
for me”) and TikTok CN3. This is a clipped and stylised form of “I beg,”
which is commonly used in Nigerian English and Pidgin to express requests or
appeals. The word retains its original function as a polite imperative while
being morphologically reduced and phonologically adapted to fit informal
contexts.
Another clipped
term is “DM,” found in Instagram CN2 and CN15. While “DM” is an acronym
for “Direct Message,” it functions as a morphologically reduced item in online
communication. Its status as both an acronym and a clipped compound phrase
allows it to serve as a precise and efficient term in digital discourse.
Also notable is
“fam,” short for “family,” seen in TikTok CN6. It is used to refer to
close friends or social circles and has become entrenched in online and urban
speech, especially in supportive or casual contexts. Its usage demonstrates
emotional proximity and group identity while maintaining brevity. They reflect
the stylistic economy and social dynamics of Netspeak, where shortened forms
are not only practical but also identity-marking, stylistically trendy, and
widely accepted within platform-specific and cultural norms. See table 1 below:
Table 1
|
Comment No. |
Clipped
Form |
Full
Form |
Platform |
Explanation |
|
TikTok CN14 / Instagram CN10 |
Congrats |
Congratulations |
TikTok
/ Instagram |
Used
in celebratory or congratulatory posts. |
|
Facebook CN15 |
Pro |
Professional |
Facebook |
Used
to praise someone's skill or expertise. |
|
Instagram CN12 / TikTok CN3 |
Abeg |
I
beg |
Instagram
/ TikTok |
Used
to make polite requests in informal Nigerian Pidgin. |
|
Instagram CN2 / CN15 |
DM |
Direct
Message |
Instagram |
Used
to refer to private messaging on social media. |
|
TikTok CN6 |
Fam |
Family |
TikTok |
Used
to refer to close friends or a support circle. |
2. Blending
Blending is a morphological process in
which parts of two or more words are merged to form a new word, usually by
taking the beginning of one word and the end of another. This process is common
in Netspeak, where users prioritize economy of language, novelty, and stylistic
playfulness.
In TikTok
CN13, the comment “Stay delulu, it’s the solulu” reinforces this usage.
“Solulu” itself is a playful blend of “solution” and “delusion” suggesting that
living in happy delusion is a valid emotional coping strategy. These blended
words create a semi-private code among users who are culturally in tune with
platform humour.
Instagram CN7 features
“workcation,” a clear blend of “work” and “vacation.” It refers to working
remotely while traveling or being on holiday. The term reflects contemporary
professional trends, especially post-pandemic, where the boundary between work
and leisure has become increasingly blurred. This kind of blend is highly
practical and reflects not just linguistic creativity but also shifts in
lifestyle and culture.
Another
significant example is “stan,” found in Facebook CN12. While often
mistaken as slang, “stan” is a blend of “stalker” and “fan,” originally coined
from the Eminem song “Stan”. It is used to describe someone who supports a
celebrity or figure obsessively, sometimes irrationally. Its usage has
broadened in Netspeak to cover any enthusiastic and public show of support. In
this data set, the term appears in praise of a celebrity figure, aligning with
its original intent.
In Instagram
CN11, the comment “cringe-fest” is another recognisable blend, combining
“cringe” and “festival.” It suggests a situation full of embarrassing or
awkward content. This kind of blend is satirical, allowing users to exaggerate
and critique online content using compressed language that still delivers full
meaning and emotional force.Also notable is the use of “situationship” in Facebook
CN19. This term is a blend of “situation” and “relationship,” referring to
a romantic or intimate connection that lacks clear definition or commitment. It
captures the ambiguity often present in modern dating dynamics and is a fully
lexicalised form in online discourse. Its presence in Facebook shows how such
blended terms have moved from youth slang into more general usage.
The term
“infodump” appears inTikTok CN17. It combines “information” and “dump”
to describe when someone rapidly shares a large amount of data, typically in an
unfiltered or overwhelming way. It is often used playfully or
self-deprecatingly when users overshare about a topic, they are passionate
about, particularly in fan or nerd spaces.
Lastly, “bestie”
in Instagram CN3, while often seen as a simple pet name, originates as a
playful shortening and blending of “best friend.” Though partly a clipping, its
internal sound changes and creation of a standalone lexical identity aligns it
more with blend behaviour, functioning as a hybrid term of affection,
community, and internet tone.
These blended
terms “delulu,” “solulu,” “workcation,” “stan,” “cringe-fest,” “situationship,”
“infodump,” and “bestie” highlight the creative and adaptive nature of
morphological blending in Netspeak. They are not only clear lexical fusions but
also culturally situated expressions that shape and reflect how online users
experience identity, relationships, emotion, and humour. See Table 2 below:
Table
2
|
Blended Term |
Source
Words |
Platform/Comment
No. |
Explanation |
|
Solulu |
Solution
+ Delulu |
TikTok
CN13 |
Playful
blend suggesting delusion is a valid coping mechanism |
|
Workcation |
Work
+ Vacation |
Instagram
CN7 |
Describes
working while on holiday; reflects post-pandemic lifestyle shifts |
|
Stan |
Stalker
+ Fan |
Facebook
CN12 |
Obsessive
celebrity support; widely accepted in online praise |
|
Cringe-fest |
Cringe
+ Festival |
Instagram
CN11 |
Exaggerated
critique of embarrassing content |
|
Situationship |
Situation
+ Relationship |
Facebook
CN19 |
Romantic
connection without commitment; popular in modern dating slang |
|
Infodump |
Information
+ Dump |
TikTok
CN17 |
Unfiltered
sharing of lots of data, often playful or self-deprecating |
|
Bestie |
Best
+ Friend |
Instagram
CN3 |
Hybrid
affectionate term; blend through shortening and phonological change |
3. Acronyms and Initialisms
Acronyms and
initialisms are widely used in Netspeak as tools for linguistic economy and
cultural signaling. Facebook CN2 refers to “BBN money,” where “BBN”
stands for “Big Brother Naija,” a popular reality TV show in Nigeria. The
comment suggests a trend where winners of the show are believed not to manage
their prize money effectively. TikTok CN10also mentions “BBNaija Season
10,” reiterating how acronyms create identity-rich references within the
digital community. In Facebook CN3, the user cautions “Your BVN should
be confidential,” where “BVN” stands for “Bank Verification Number,” an
official term now adapted into casual conversation. Similarly, Facebook CN19
includes “Instant PTSD,” borrowing the clinical term “Post-Traumatic Stress
Disorder” to dramatise a digital experience.
Instagram CN10 states, “Congrats
G.O.A.T,” where “G.O.A.T” stands for “Greatest of All Time,” a term used to
celebrate outstanding achievement. This expression also appears in TikTok
CN14, showing how such acronyms are recycled across contexts. TikTok CN6
mentions “Cisco Park,” where although not an acronym per se, the proper noun
signifies a place that carries weight in the context of the comment. Overall, acronyms serve not only as lexical
shortcuts but also as carriers of meaning, identity, and shared reference in
Netspeak.See Table 3 below:
Table
3
|
Platform |
Comment
Number |
Form |
Expanded
Form |
Explanation |
|
Facebook |
CN6 |
NEPO |
Nepotism |
Used
as acronym in Netspeak |
|
Facebook |
CN10 |
LAPO |
Lack
of Access, Privilege, Opportunity |
Used
to define social label |
|
Instagram |
CN10 |
GOAT |
Greatest
of All Time |
Internet
acronym to praise someone |
|
TikTok |
CN10 |
BBNaija |
Big
Brother Naija |
Shortened
for entertainment brand |
|
Instagram |
CN18 |
CCTV |
Closed
Circuit Television |
Common
initialism in reporting |
|
Facebook |
CN3 |
BVN |
Bank
Verification Number |
Banking
acronym |
4.
Affixation
Affixation, though
not as widely used as clipping or acronym formation in Netspeak, appears
meaningfully in verbs and negative expressions. One example is found in Facebook
CN13, “Wait, make I unfollow you,” where “un-” is a negative prefix
attached to “follow,” expressing reversal of a digital action. This form is
common in digital environments where following and unfollowing symbolise social
alignment or disapproval. In TikTok CN6, “Celebrating 10 memorable years
of togetherness,” the noun “togetherness” is formed by suffixation, where
“-ness” turns an adjective into an abstract noun.
Instagram CN7 features the
phrase “Pray that Nigeria should not happen to you,” where the verb “happen”
carries implicit morphological loading through verbalisation of abstract
consequences. TikTok CN9, “She needs the mental evaluation, as a psych
nurse I know my patient,” includes the prefix “psycho-” clipped and used in
informal reference, suggesting familiarity with professional language
repurposed in Netspeak. In Instagram CN8, “accept my heartfelt
condolences, Sir,” the compound “heartfelt” uses derivational affixation,
combining “heart” with “-felt” to express depth of emotion.
Lastly, Instagram
CN6, “Your friendship is beautiful,” involves the noun form “friendship”
which results from suffixation of “-ship.” Likewise, TikTok CN17
questions, “Why would you compare transgender with biological women?” with
“transgender” showing the prefix “trans-” signifying change or movement across
gender. These examples show how affixation functions within Netspeak to
condense or expand meaning in creative and contextual ways. See Table 4 below:
Table
4
|
Platform |
Comment
Number |
Word |
Affix
Type |
Explanation |
|
Facebook |
CN11 |
Unprivileged |
Prefix
(un-) |
Negation
prefix to show lack of privilege |
|
TikTok |
CN6 |
Togetherness |
Suffix
(-ness) |
Nominalisation
from adjective |
|
TikTok |
CN8 |
Outright |
Prefix
(out-) |
Used
to strengthen an expression |
|
Facebook |
CN19 |
Dragging |
Suffix
(-ing) |
Gerund
from verb |
|
Instagram |
CN14 |
Clueless |
Suffix
(-less) |
Denotes
lack of awareness |
|
TikTok |
CN18 |
Beautiful |
Suffix
(-ful) |
Denotes
positive quality |
5. Neologisms
Neologisms
represent one of the most vibrant aspects of Netspeak, showcasing users'
capacity to invent or re-purpose words to meet new expressive needs. Facebook
CN6 contains the term “NEPO baby,” a recently coined term widely used
online to describe privileged offspring of celebrities. Similarly, Facebook
CN10 andCN11 mention “LAPO baby,” a likely invented counter-term.
In TikTok CN7,
the construction “It’s the shamelessness and audacity for me” exemplifies a
stylistic neologism, a meme-like structure used to express judgment,
appreciation, or sarcasm.
In Facebook CN17, “composure and
steeze” brings in “steeze” as a culturally coded term for coolness, fashion, or
style. In TikTok CN13, the sentence “She’s finer without makeup” uses
the comparative form “finer” in a highly subjective neologistic manner. Across
these instances, neologisms enrich Netspeak, revealing how language adapts
dynamically to the demands of self-expression, emotion, and social engagement
in online spaces.
Table
5
|
Platform |
Comment
Number |
Word |
Explanation |
|
Facebook |
CN6 |
NEPO
baby |
Invented
to describe someone enjoying inherited privilege |
|
Facebook |
CN10 |
LAPO
baby |
Created
to describe someone born without opportunities |
|
Facebook |
CN17 |
Steeze |
A
coined blend of style and ease |
Conclusion
This study
explores the morphological structures and processes inherent in Netspeak as
used across three major social media platforms: Facebook, Instagram, and
TikTok. Using 60 randomly selected comments (20 from each platform), the
analysis identified distinct morphological processes that characterize online
communication. The findings of the analysis of data clearly reveal that
Netspeak is not only a stylistic or functional phenomenon but also a deeply
morphological one. Users across Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok exhibit
consistent engagement with linguistic innovation, manipulating words through
clipping, blending, affixation, acronyms, and neologisms to suit the
fast-paced, expressive, and often informal nature of digital communication. The
presence of at least eight distinct examples per morphological category across
platforms confirms that the processes are not isolated but widespread and
systematic. These innovations fulfill pragmatic needs such as saving time,
amplifying emotion, and marking group identity while also demonstrating the
evolutionary capacity of English in response to digital technology and social
interaction.
In the same vein, the findings reveal the
recurrent use of clipping, such as “congrats” (CN10, Instagram) and “abeg”
(CN12, Instagram); blending, as in “womb opener” (CN1, Instagram) and “PTSD”
(CN19, Facebook); and acronyms/initialisms, including “BBN” (CN2, Facebook) and
“BVN” (CN3, Facebook). Affixation also appears as a productive morphological
strategy, where users creatively attached prefixes or suffixes to existing
words, such as “unfollow” (CN13, Facebook) and “clueless” (CN14, Instagram).
Neologisms, or newly coined words and expressions, are especially prominent,
with examples like “steeze” (CN17, Facebook) and “NEPO baby” (CN6, Facebook).
These word formations are often used to express identity, humor, cultural
references, and digital trends in an efficient, creative manner that resonates
with the informal nature of online discourse. In essence, Netspeak is a mirror
of modern communication, flexible, innovative, and deeply rooted in user
experience.
Based on the
findings, it is recommended that language educators and curriculum designers
begin to acknowledge the evolving role of Netspeak in shaping modern English
usage, especially among younger generations. Rather than dismissing these forms
as linguistic corruption, they should be studied and integrated into broader
discussions on language change and digital literacy.
It is also advised
that further linguistic research be conducted to build more comprehensive
corpora of Netspeak from a wide range of online contexts. This would help track
morphological innovations over time and assess their potential impact on
standard language usage.
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Appendices
Netspeak and
Morphological Features on Facebook
Comment
Number (CN) 1: They don't do talking stage like that.
CN2: Up till now, I never see who use BBN money
wisely.
CN3:
Your BVN should be confidential.
CN4:
Funniest part, I haven't watched the film
CN
5: please what is NEPO baby?
CN
6: NEPO baby is for ladies born with silver spoon.Short form of Nepotism, the
ladies enjoying Nepotism.
CN
7: To every TTC mother out there, there is a God who will give you more than
you ask for.
CN8:
The shape is really giving
CN9:
I love your Outfit
CN10: Which one be LAPO baby again?
CN
11: LAPO baby means Lack of access, Privilege and Opportunity.
That
is, unprivileged baby girl that doesn't have opportunity to enjoy the luxury
things of life.
CN
12: He genuinely supported Chelsea
CN
13: Wait, make I unfollow you.
CN
14: Davido understands what Nigerian Gen Z wants, and he's using it to gain
streams everyday
CN
15: Your fashion designer is a Pro.
CN16:
Body is tea (that is, body is set)
CN17:
Too much composure and Steeze
CN18:
I just watched Forever with Numbered Days. Your skin is absolutely stunning and
you're such a talented actress
CN
19: Instant PTSD
CN
20: Everyone is dragging and judging her on social media.
Netspeak and
Morphological Features on Instagram
CN1:
HML to my womb opener
CN
2: send me a DM please.
CN
3: HML to my womb opener
CN
4: what a professional DJ
CN
5: He was caught on the CCTV camera assaulting his wife.
CN
6: Your friendship is beautiful
CN
7: Pray that Nigeria should not happen to you
CN
8: accept my heartfelt condolences, Sir.
CN
9: I am actually the happiest soul today
CN
10: Congrats G.O.A.T(Greatest of all time)
CN 11: Every class has that busybody
classmates that's always reminding lecturers of assignments
CN12: Abeg make person summarise everything
for me
CN 13: We are just getting started with
birthday pictures.
CN
14: Now, he's acting clueless
CN
15: send me a DM please.
CN
16: HML to my womb opener
CN
17: what a professional DJ
CN
18: He was caught on the CCTV camera assaulting his wife.
CN
19: Your friendship is beautiful
CN
20 Pray that Nigeria should not happen to you
Netspeak and
Morphological Features on TikTok
CN
01: The latest mother to-be is saying Good morning from Canada. You shall
deliver safely and smoothly like a Hebrew woman
CN
01: How it started Vs How it is going
CN
03: The woman who stole my heart and made my life more meaningful and beautiful
CN
04: The highlight of the day still remains the excitement that comes with
cooking with them and for then
CN05:
What a classy and gorgeous bride
CN
06: Celebrating 10 memorable years of togetherness.
A
terrifying moment a tipper suspected to have suffered brake failure rammed into
unsuspecting individuals at Cisco Park juncture
CN
07: it is the shamelessness and audacity for me
CN
08: This is outright rubbish. You're strengthened, Momma
CN
09: She needs the mental evaluation, as a Psych nurse, I know my patient when I
see one.
CN
10: It's officially BBNaija season 10.
CN
11: We are just getting started with birthday pictures.
CN
12: Now, he's acting clueless
CN
13: she's finer without make up.
CN
14: Congrats Sissy
CN
15: I fear bloggers pass devil, they Sabi twist narrative die.
CN
16: Please, kindly collaborate with us
CN
17: Why would you compare transgender with biological women?
CN
18: That's my beautiful big sister.
CN
19: accept my heartfelt condolences, Sir.
CN
20: I am actually the happiest soul today
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