The Hausa Digital Discourse Corpus (HaDiCo): A Collection of Hausa–English Translanguaging Posts on Facebook (2023–2025)

Citation: Umar, M. A. (2025). The Hausa Digital Discourse Corpus (HaDiCo). https://english.amsoshi.com/2025/10/the-hausa-digital-discourse-corpus.html

THE HAUSA DIGITAL DISCOURSE CORPUS (HaDiCo):
A Collection of Hausa–English Translanguaging Posts on Facebook (2023–2025)

DEVELOPED BY

Muhammad Arabi UMAR
Department of Languages and Cultures,
Federal University Gusau, Zamfara, Nigeria
Email: arabiumar@fugusau.edu.ng
Phone: 07062052814

Brief Description (for Repository Index)

The Hausa Digital Discourse Corpus (HaDiCo) is an annotated dataset comprising 322 authentic posts randomly selected from public Facebook accounts of young Nigerian users (2023–2025).

The corpus is curated to document and analyze translanguaging (the fluid and functional use of Hausa and English within the same digital utterance). Each post is provided with structured metadata, including:

a. Verbatim Text: The exact utterance, with Hausa elements consistently bolded for clear linguistic demarcation.

b. Date of Posting: Used for diachronic analysis.

c. Contextual Category: One of nine sociolinguistic contexts (e.g., Advice, Argument, Education, General Chat, Humour, News Response, Politics, Religion, Youth Culture).

Ethical and Privacy Statement: The data collection adhered to ethical best practices. All identifying metadata, including URLs, precise timestamps, and user IDs, were anonymized or kept invisible in the final corpus to fully protect user privacy.

This structured dataset supports advanced sociolinguistic and computational analysis of language variation and code-mixing practices in African digital communication.

Purpose and Access Statement

Purpose: HaDiCo was developed as a key resource for PhD research focusing on sociophonetic variations and digital discourse in Hausa. Its primary goal is to offer a context-rich, reliable dataset to illuminate the dynamic evolution of Hausa in multilingual online spaces and to promote a deeper, quantitative understanding of translanguaging phenomena in African contexts.

Target Users:

a. Linguists and Sociolinguists

b. Computational Linguists

c. Researchers of Digital Language Practices

1. Advice =36

ID	Date	Context	Text (verbatim)
FB001	January 2024	Advice	Ka yi hakuri da rayuwa, everything takes time. Don't rush what God is preparing for you.
FB002	January 2024	Advice	Kada ka daukar mutane da sauki, People change when you least expect it so be careful who you trust.
FB003	January 2024	Advice	Ka yi hakuri and focus on your goals, because life will always test your patience.
FB004	January 2024	Advice	Ka yi hakuri, my dear, Things will be fine soon, okay?
FB005	January 2024	Advice	If you’re feeling lonely, instead of just scrolling through your feed, try reaching out to a friend. Magana tana raba zuciya. Connection is key.
FB006	March 2024	Advice	Kada ka damu idan mutane ba su fahimce ka ba. One day, they realize your value.
FB007	March 2024	Advice	Ki saurare iyayen ki always, trust me, it will help you later.
FB008	April 2024	Advice	When people criticize you, ka saurare su da nutsuwa. Sometimes they're telling the truth.
FB009	April 2024	Advice	When opportunity comes ka yi amfani da shi properly. Don't waste your chances.
FB010	April 2024	Advice	Ka koyi saying no to things that disturb your peace, ba dole ka amsa komai ba.
FB011	May 2024	Advice	Ka yi kokari ka koyi hakuri da mutane. Patience will save you from many unnecessary problems.
FB012	May 2024	Advice	Don't over think it, my sister, life no hard like that.
FB013	June 2024	Advice	Always plan your day. Ka san lokacin da za ka yi aiki da lokacin hutawa.
FB014	June 2024	Advice	Don't compare your journey da ta wani, everyone's timing is different, so relax.
FB015	June 2024	Advice	Before you start comparing your life to others’ Facebook profiles, remember that everyone is showing their highlight reel. Kada ka manta da haka.
FB016	July 2024	Advice	Ka tuna cewa lokaci yana tafiya. If you don't start now, you'll regret it later.
FB017	August 2024	Advice	Ka daina wasting time on unnecessary arguments, just focus on improving yourself.
FB018	August 2024	Advice	Ka kasance mai hakuri, okay? Patience always pays.
FB019	September 2024	Advice	Take your education seriously. Ilimi is the best investment you can ever make.
FB020	September 2024	Advice	Ka koyi yin shiru a lokacin da ya dace. Sometimes silence is the best response.
FB021	October 2024	Advice	When life gets tough, ka tuna Allah baya hawa without a reason.
FB022	November 2024	Advice	Be patient with life. Ka sani komai yana da lokaci a duniya.
FB023	November 2024	Advice	Ka yi karatu sosai, you hear? Future dinka ne.
FB024	December 2024	Advice	Kada ki bari kowa ya raina ki, know your worth.
FB025	January 2025	Advice	Starting the new year with a social media cleanse. Dole ne in rage yawan scrolling. My focus needs to be on real-life goals.
FB026	March 2025	Advice	Ka yi focus akan abin da yake da muhimmanci a rayuwa, your health matters.
FB027	March 2025	Advice	Before you invest in that ‘AI-powered’ crypto, yi bincike sosai. Most of them are just zaɓe a cikin teku. Protect your hard-earned money.
FB028	June 2025	Advice	Stay strong. Kada ka bari damuwa ta cinye ka, you've got this.
FB029	June 2025	Advice	Ku yi amfani da damar da kuke da ita yanzu don ku gina rayuwar ku mai kyau. Rayuwa ba ta da tabbas kwata-kwata. Don't take any opportunity for granted because you never know when you might need to rely on that experience.
FB030	August 2025	Advice	Da gaske nake gaya muku ku yi aiki da wannan piece of advice kan lokaci ya kure muku. You should always prioritize your education over everything else. Kar ku yi wasa da karatunku, domin it is the only investment that truly pays off a nan gaba in this country. Please take note of this important point.
FB031	September 2025	Advice	For your mental peace, mute that group chat. Ba dole ba ne ka san duk wani sabon labari. Not every discourse deserves your energy.
FB032	October 2025	Advice	If your friend's constant ‘hustle culture’ posts are making you anxious, unfollow them. Kiwon lafiyar hankali ya fi duk abu. Your pace is your own.
FB033	December 2025	Advice	Kada ki barin kowa ya raina ki, know your worth.

2. Argument  =32

ID	Date	Context	Text (verbatim)
FB034	February 2023	Argument	Posting a screenshot of a private conversation on your timeline is a low blow. Ba'a yi haka ba. It’s a violation of trust and it’s just messy. Take that down.
FB035	February 2023	Argument	The comment you just dropped on that public post is so ignorant. Ka kalli hotunan da aka buga, the evidence is clear! Karya kawai kuke yi.
FB036	February 2023	Argument	Gaskiya I disagree with your interpretation of that rule. Ba haka yake nufi ba. Ya kamata ka sake read the document. Your reading is flawed.
FB037	March 2023	Argument	How can you sit there and say the economy is improving? Ka fito waje ka ga yadda mutane ke rayuwa. The evidence is right in front of you, so stop spreading false hope.
FB038	June 2023	Argument	You’re telling me you don’t believe in elections again? Kai, how do you expect things to change then? Dole mun amince da sakamako kuma mu ci gaba da bukata canji, ba kome kawai ba.
FB039	July 2023	Argument	Your hot take on this Facebook group is factually incorrect. Ka karo daga verified sources kafin ka fadi magana. Spreading misinformation here is dangerous.
FB040	August 2023	Argument	Arguing with some people in the comments section is like wrestling with a pig. Daga karshe, dukanku za ku ji datti, and the pig actually enjoys it. I’m logging off.
FB041	September 2023	Argument	You cannot use one bad experience to generalize about a whole tribe. That’s just bigotry, and it has no place here. Dukkanmu mun hada kai muna rayuwa a kasa daya.
FB042	February 2024	Argument	You keep saying it's not your fault, amma everybody can see you caused the problem.
FB043	February 2024	Argument	Kada ka yi wasa da wannan magana. You can't just accuse someone without proof.
FB044	February 2024	Argument	You keep saying ba kai bane but everyone saw the post, so who else could it be?
FB045	February 2024	Argument	Wallahi you people don't listen, honestly!
FB046	February 2024	Argument	That viral video everyone is sharing is completely misleading. Kada ku yadda da duk abin da kuka gani online. Always verify!
FB047	April 2024	Argument	I don't agree with that point. A gaskiya the evidence doesn't support what you're saying.
FB048	April 2024	Argument	Ba gaskiya ba ne abin da kake fada. Everyone saw the evidence, so stop denying.
FB049	April 2024	Argument	Wallahi you always twist people's words just to win argument, that's not fair at all.
FB050	April 2024	Argument	Ba haka nake nufi ba, please try to understand me.
FB051	April 2024	Argument	Dole mu kare our reputation against false rumours. Ba za mu bar people to damage our image. We must fight for the truth. Wallahi this is not fair.
FB052	June 2024	Argument	You can't say social media is the problem. All is people misusing it that causes issues.
FB053	July 2024	Argument	Ba ka gane point dina ba, I said the main issue is lack of planning, not money.
FB054	July 2024	Argument	See, ba haka ake magana ba, man.
FB055	July 2024	Argument	You're just defending him because he's your friend. Amma truth be told, he was wrong.
FB056	July 2024	Argument	The way some people are defending that politician in the comments section, I wonder if they live in Nigeria. Ba su san wahalar da muke sha ba.
FB057	July 2024	Argument	Ba haka muke nufi ba. I clearly explained it yesterday, but you didn't listen.
FB058	September 2024	Argument	You think shouting will prove your point? Kai learn to respect other people's opinions.
FB059	September 2024	Argument	Ba za ka iya yin hakan ba. That's against the rules, and you know it.
FB060	September 2024	Argument	Look, ba laifina bane, alright?
FB061	September 2024	Argument	Anyone who still believes that conspiracy theory shared on that group needs a reality check. Gaskiya wannan abin ya fara zama damuwa.
FB062	December 2024	Argument	That's not what I meant. Na ce the policy itself is fine, but implementation is the problem.
FB063	February 2025	Argument	You can't just drop a controversial take like that and then log off. Ka fito nan ka fadi abin da zai fasa kai. That's not discourse, that's intellectual laziness.
FB064	February 2025	Argument	Stop weaponizing mental health language to win arguments. Ba duk wanda ya saba da ra'ayinka ba neurodivergent ne ko yana da anxiety. That's not how any of this works.
FB065	April 2025	Argument	Sun saba da wadannan alkawuran banza, we are tired of lies.
FB066	July 2025	Argument	Sun yi violating the constitution a fili, that's a crime.
FB067	September 2025	Argument	You're using a 2020 statistic to debate a 2025 issue. Your data is expired, ka canja shi. Come with current facts or don't come at all.
FB068	September 2025	Argument	Kai, this discussion is going in circles. Ba mu da any real progress. Ya kamata mu ɗauki a break and come back later. This is futile.

 3. Education =35

 

ID	Date	Context	Text (verbatim)
FB069	January 2023	Education	Wannan course ɗin is too difficult. Ba na gane me the lecturer is saying ba. Dole in nemo a tutor before the exam. Na so in samu A in the course.
FB070	February 2023	Education	Gaskiya I hate online exams. Ba su da the same feel as physical tests. Na fi son writing a paper. The system is too glitchy.
FB071	March 2023	Education	Dole mu yi a group study session before the midterms. Ba za mu iya pass the course individually ba. We need teamwork. Sai mun hada kai.
FB072	April 2023	Education	Na ga a post about plagiarism. Wallahi abin ya ban tsoro sosai. Ya kamata students should understand the rules. Kada kowa ya kuskura ya yi it.
FB073	May 2023	Education	Kai, this university is always changing the calendar. Ba su da any sense of planning. Dole mu yi a formal complaint. Muna rasa time sosai.
FB074	June 2023	Education	Wannan textbook ɗin is so expensive. Ba za mu iya saye ba. Ya kamata the school library should stock more copies. Dole in dogara kan photocopies.
FB075	July 2023	Education	Gaskiya I need a strong cup of coffee to finish this thesis. Ba na da any energy left. Sai mun gama before the deadline. Na gaji sosai.
FB076	July 2023	Education	Shoutout to all the students in my DM asking for notes. Na gane cewa assignment din yana da wuya, but please, try to read something on your own first. Google is your friend!
FB077	August 2023	Education	Dole mu koya how to use AI tools responsibly for research. Ba za mu bar the technology to use us. We must adapt. Ya kamata we embrace it.
FB078	August 2023	Education	I just saw the new JAMB syllabus and honestly, ya fi naka wuya. They have added so many new topics. Students of 2023, kun sha wahala, but I believe you can do it. Just focus!
FB079	November 2023	Education	To all the lecturers out there, please, we beg you, ku ba da lokaci for assignments. Giving us a huge project with only one week to submit is not fair, it’s just torture.
FB080	January 2024	Education	Na yi a presentation today. Amma ina jin I messed up sosai. The topic was too complicated for me. Na ji nervous sosai.
FB081	February 2024	Education	Gaskiya getting a good GPA is tough. Ya kamata mu yi a better job of balancing social life and academics. Dole mu rage party once in a while.
FB082	March 2024	Education	Dole mu yi a survey on student welfare. Ba za mu bar the issues to be ignored anymore. We need representation. Ya kamata we speak up.
FB083	April 2024	Education	Kai, this marking scheme is unfair. Ba ya reflect the difficulty of the exam. Dole mu yi an appeal. Muna rasa marks ba gaira ba dalili.
FB084	May 2024	Education	Wannan essay ɗin is due tomorrow. Amma ban rubuta anything ba. Ina cikin serious trouble yanzu. Wallahi I need a miracle.
FB085	May 2024	Education	Just finished an online course from a Facebook ad. Ban yi zaton zai yi amfani ba, amma ya yi! Never stop learning, guys.
FB086	June 2024	Education	Gaskiya I miss my friends from secondary school. Ya kamata mu yi a reunion soon. Life is too short to wait. Dole mu yi a plan yanzu.
FB087	July 2024	Education	Dole mu koya how to manage stress during exam period. Ba za mu bar the pressure to overwhelm us. We need peace. Ya kamata we practice mindfulness.
FB088	August 2024	Education	Na ga a scholarship advert. Wallahi dama ce mai kyau. Ya kamata every student should apply. Kada kowa ya bari opportunity ya wuce shi.
FB089	October 2024	Education	My notifications are full of school groups discussing assignments. Na gaji da assignment wallahi, but we move! Wish me luck, guys.
FB090	November 2024	Education	Just saw a post about scholarships on a Facebook page. Da fatan Allah Ya ba mu sa'a. This is a great opportunity for students.
FB091	January 2025	Education	Gaskiya the lack of practical skills in our curriculum is a big issue. Ya kamata they should include more industrial training. Dole mu koyi soft skills too.
FB092	February 2025	Education	Dole mu yi a protest against the tuition fee hike. Ba za mu iya afford it. We must fight for affordable education. Ya kamata the school ta yi wa mu sauki.
FB093	March 2025	Education	I passed the test! Na yi farin ciki sosai da sakamakon, thank God.
FB094	March 2025	Education	Kai, this assignment is taking all my time. Ba na da any social life left. Dole in gama it by tonight. Wallahi I need a holiday.
FB095	April 2025	Education	Wannan certificate ɗin is valid internationally. Amma ina jin I need a higher degree to compete globally. Ya kamata in fara a Master's program next year.
FB096	May 2025	Education	Gaskiya the quality of lectures has dropped sosai. Ya kamata the management should address this immediately. Dole mu kira for a town hall meeting.
FB097	June 2025	Education	Dole mu goyi bayan the new initiative to promote entrepreneurship in schools. Ba za mu jira government jobs ba. Ya kamata we start our own businesses.
FB098	July 2025	Education	Dole ne mu yi submitting the assignment kafin midnight, wish me luck.
FB099	July 2025	Education	These AI essay generators are a blessing and a curse. Suna sauke aiki, amma dalibai suna rasa ainihin ilimi. Where do we draw the line?
FB100	July 2025	Education	Na ga a post about student loan debt. Wallahi abin ya ban tsoro sosai. Ya kamata the interest rate should be lower. Dole gwamnati ta ba mu relief.
FB101	July 2025	Education	Submitting my thesis felt like giving birth to a digital baby. Na fitar da duk wani abu da ke cikina. Now the real work of defending it begins. Wish me luck!
FB102	August 2025	Education	Malam bai yi mana bayani mai kyau ba, it was confusing.
FB103	September 2025	Education	Gaskiya User C4 ta yi valid point. Ya kamata lecturers su daina giving us so much pressure a kan assignment da kuma project. It's overwhelming and affects our mental health, wallahi. Ina fatan za su samu empathy su gane yadda muke.

 

4. General =35

ID	Date	Context	Text (verbatim)
FB104	August 2023	General Chat	Just spent the last hour going down a Facebook rabbit hole. Na fara daga hoton birthday, na karewa a kan video na shekaru 15 da suka wuce. This app is a time machine and a time-waster.
FB105	August 2023	General Chat	Na yi a new discovery today. Amma ina jin I should keep it a secret. Ba zan gaya anybody ba for now. It’s too valuable.
FB106	October 2023	General Chat	Just finished a three-hour online meeting, and my brain is officially fried. Ina bukatan abin sha da hutawa. I don’t even know what we achieved for all that time.
FB107	December 2023	General Chat	Facebook memories just showed me a post from 10 years ago. Na yi kama da yaro! Time really flies, wallahi. We need to appreciate every moment.
FB108	December 2023	General Chat	Na gama aikin gida na daren yau, and I feel so accomplished! Yanzu zan kwanta in ji dadin barci. Tomorrow's problems are for tomorrow me. 😴
FB109	January 2024	General Chat	What is the biggest challenge you think Nigeria will face in 2024? I'm hoping for some good news this year, but I'm also ready for the usual drama, wallahi.
FB110	February 2024	General Chat	Na tashi da safe you know, feeling so grateful for life.
FB111	February 2024	General Chat	Yau I just feel like staying at home, watching movies and forgetting all my worries.
FB112	February 2024	General Chat	Wannan summer din yana da zafi sosai, I can’t even think straight. Ina fatan ruwan sama zai fara zo da wuri don huta daga wannan zafin rana.
FB113	March 2024	General Chat	Na dawo daga school today and honestly, I'm just tired. This week has been too stressful.
FB114	March 2024	General Chat	My Facebook memories showed me a post where I said I’d be a millionaire by 2024. Yanzu ga 2024, ina har yanzu ina neman naira dubu biyu. Life is funny, wallahi. 😂.
FB115	April 2024	General Chat	Yau rana ce mai kyau, right? Perfect for a walk.
FB116	May 2024	General Chat	Na dawo daga makaranta yanzu. It was a long day, but alhamdulilah I finished all my work.
FB117	May 2024	General Chat	Just updated my Facebook profile picture after 2 years. Me kuke zaton? Yaya yake? Should I keep it or change it back? 😅.
FB118	June 2024	General Chat	Yanzu zan je gida da wuri, you get?.
FB119	June 2024	General Chat	Yau rain na gashi sosai. I think I'll just stay indoors and read something.
FB120	July 2024	General Chat	Na tuna lokacin da muka tafi picnic last year. It was such a beautiful day wallahi. Nagode da fatan alheri da kuka yi min a ranar haihuwata.
FB121	August 2024	General Chat	Na shiga kasuwa yau, farashi ya tashi sosai. I had to leave without buying anything.
FB122	August 2024	General Chat	Na je gida weekend, and nothing sweet like home. I really missed my people.
FB123	August 2024	General Chat	Just opened Facebook and immediately saw a sponsored ad for something I was just thinking about. Wannan app din yana leken asiri ko me? Creepy!
FB124	September 2024	General Chat	I went to the market jiya, and everything is so expensive, even tomato.
FB125	September 2024	General Chat	Na gaji da social media today, honestly I just want peace.
FB126	October 2024	General Chat	Na yi missing friends na sosai. I hope we can all meet again before December.
FB127	November 2024	General Chat	Na shiga moto today, and the traffic was mad. I almost missed my meeting.
FB128	November 2024	General Chat	Na dawo daga tafiya safe safe. It feels good to be home again after such a long week.
FB129	December 2024	General Chat	Yau na gaji sosai, but at least I managed to finish my assignment before midnight.
FB130	December 2024	General Chat	Gaskiya I love the festive season. Ya kamata mu yi a better job of celebrating our culture. Na so the vibe yanzu!.
FB131	February 2025	General Chat	I'll call you back anjima in na gama aiki. I promise.
FB132	May 2025	General Chat	My brain is currently buffering at 1%. Bana da wani processing power left for today. I think my internal software needs an update.
FB133	June 2025	General Chat	I love this song! Wakar tana da dadi sosai a kunne, who sang it?
FB134	July 2025	General Chat	Just found out my old Facebook Wall still exists! Gaskiya wannan app din cike yake da tarihi and a lot of questionable fashion choices. 😆.
FB135	August 2025	General Chat	My Spotify Wrapped and my bank account statement are telling two completely different stories. Daya yana cewa ni mai dadin jima'i ne, dayan kuma yana nuna cewa talaka ne. The duality of man is real.
FB136	December 2025	General Chat	Just achieved ‘Inbox Zero’ for the first time in 2025. Hankalina yana jin daɗi sosai kamar an share datti. This is the peace we deserve.

 5. Humour  =35

 

ID	Date	Context	Text (verbatim)
FB137	March 2023	Humour	My timeline is so dry today, it needs some rain. Sai na ga post dinka na ban dariya. You really saved my boredom, wallahi! 😂.
FB138	April 2023	Humour	My guy just tried to speak pure English for five minutes straight, daga karshe ya ce ‘how far?’ Na ce kawai ‘Lafiya, boss.’ 😂 The struggle was real wallahi!.
FB139	May 2023	Humour	Person wey no get ₦500 for account dey argue about world economics for Facebook. The confidence is inspirational, wallahi! 😂.
FB140	October 2023	Humour	When you’re typing a long, emotional status update, sai ka fadi danna ‘Post’, sai Facebook ya fadi ‘Something went wrong.’ The universe is telling me to keep my problems to myself. 😂.
FB141	October 2023	Humour	My mum just asked me ‘me ke faruwa a Twitter?’ Na ce ‘nothing much.’ Gaskiya I cannot even begin to explain the drama. 😂 Sometimes ignorance is bliss, wallahi.
FB142	November 2023	Humour	My data plan and Facebook Reels are in a toxic relationship. Dai ni ma ban sani ba ko wanne yake cin wanne. I just know my money is disappearing. 😩.
FB143	December 2023	Humour	My 2023 New Year’s resolution was to be more organized. Yanzu December, I’m looking for my phone charger that I saw last in January. I think I’ll try again in 2024! 😩.
FB144	January 2024	Humour	Na tsaya a ATM jiya na gaji sosai. The network was so bad I almost slept there.
FB145	January 2024	Humour	Na ga picture dinka on Facebook today, and honestly I couldn't stop laughing wallahi.
FB146	January 2024	Humour	Kai this your dressing today, nice one dai.
FB147	January 2024	Humour	He posted his result proudly, kai. I like that confidence even though GPA din bai kai ba.
FB148	January 2024	Humour	Wallah laugined so hard when i saw that video. People are just too creative these days.
FB149	February 2024	Humour	Somebody just said he'll start gym next week. All we've been hearing that since January.
FB150	March 2024	Humour	Na sha dariya da wannan comment din. Some people on this app are just naturally funny.
FB151	March 2024	Humour	I swear Hausa memes dey give me life, ba wanda ke da creativity kamar mu.
FB152	March 2024	Humour	Ka life no easy. But at least we still dey smile, right?
FB153	March 2024	Humour	Was you mean he really said that, huh? I no fit laugh finish.
FB154	March 2025	Humour	When you accidentally click 'Like' on a photo from 2012. Kun ga abin kunya! Time to delete Facebook and start a new life in Siberia. 😅.
FB155	April 2024	Humour	That moment you try to upload a picture and Facebook says ‘Network Error.’ Sai na ji kamar an sace min dariya. This life no balance, wallahi! 😂.
FB156	May 2024	Humour	Kai this your cooking video na comedy, ba recipe ba, you just dey play with food.
FB157	May 2024	Humour	True, you don try abeg rest small jare.
FB158	June 2024	Humour	I saw my friend post something funny today. Wallahi couldn't stop laughing for ten minutes.
FB159	June 2024	Humour	Wallahi wannan bidiyo ya bani dariya sosai. I had to replay it three times.
FB160	June 2024	Humour	Wannan post din ta funny die. I swear!.
FB161	July 2024	Humour	Some people go say they're broke but still buy data to watch comedy skits.
FB162	August 2024	Humour	Na ga hoton nan na kan the group. You guys will never take things seriously on this app.
FB163	August 2024	Humour	You sabi talk nonsense, wallahi.
FB164	August 2024	Humour	Na ga hoton nan na kan the group. I just started laughing. Nigerians no get wahala at all.
FB165	September 2024	Humour	Haba guy, you dey too serious, chill small jare.
FB166	October 2024	Humour	You said you're on diet, amma you just finished three plates of rice. God dey see you.
FB167	November 2024	Humour	When you try to avoid responsibilities and then you see a ‘You have 5 unread messages’ from your boss. Duk inda na juya, aiki ne kawai! 😩.
FB168	January 2025	Humour	Wai User L20 ya ci kwallo a kansa, what a goal!
FB169	April 2025	Humour	Wannan filter din ya sa ni kama da wata cartoon character, so funny.
FB170	October 2025	Humour	My sleep schedule and I are not on speaking terms. Dai bata son sanin ni, ni ma ban son saninta ba. We just co-exist in a state of constant tiredness.
FB171	October 2025	Humour	Wannan comment din ya kashe ni da dariya. I can't breathe.
FB172	November 2025	Humour	Tried to use a new AI fitness coach. Ya ce in tashi da safe in yi cardio. Na ce masa ‘AI, ka sani cewa barci ma health benefit ne?’ It has not responded since. 😂.

 

6. News Response=35

ID	Date	Context	Text (verbatim)
FB173	January 2023	News Response	Wallahi I cannot believe the gas price has increased again! Ya kamata gwamnati ta yi a better job of controlling inflation. Muna wahala sosai.
FB174	March 2023	News Response	Wannan labari na the recent flood in the North is devastating. Ya kamata gwamnati ta ba su immediate relief materials. Mu daina delaying assistance.
FB175	July 2023	News Response	I read about the new minimum wage discussion. Gaskiya, let’s be realistic, even if they agree on ₦50,000, with the way prices are rising, it’s still not going to be enough for a family.
FB176	August 2023	News Response	Gaskiya the new policy on foreign exchange is confusing everyone. Ba za mu iya run our businesses da wannan uncertainty ba. Dole a bayyana komai a fili.
FB177	November 2023	News Response	Seeing this news trend on Facebook all day. Amma ina jin an fadada labarin sosai. The original story is simple, amma an kara masa kashi.
FB178	February 2024	News Response	Gwamnati ta ce za ta rage farashin man fetur. But we've heard that story too many times before.
FB179	February 2024	News Response	Gaskiya the situation is getting worse. We really need better leadership in this country.
FB180	February 2024	News Response	The government's new social welfare program sounds great on paper, but gaskiya I'll believe it when I see the impact on the streets. Accountability is key here.
FB181	March 2024	News Response	Fuel price just increased again. Gaskiya we're suffering too much in this country.
FB182	March 2024	News Response	Gaskiya the situation in Niger State is getting worse, people need help urgently.
FB183	March 2024	News Response	Dole mu kira for a reform of the police system. Ba za mu bar extrajudicial killings su ci gaba ba. We need justice for the victims.
FB184	April 2024	News Response	Mutane sun yi murna da wannan sabuwar doka. I don't think it will change anything.
FB185	May 2024	News Response	Mutane suna complain everyday, but no one wants to take action. We're just used to suffering.
FB186	May 2024	News Response	An ce price of rice zai rise again, meaning we're going back to square one.
FB187	May 2024	News Response	Just read about the latest policy. Amma gaskiya, na gaji da irin wannan labaran. It’s always the same story, different day. Where is the action?
FB188	June 2024	News Response	An rufe titin saboda hatsari. The road is blocked, so everyone should find another route.
FB189	June 2024	News Response	The news about the new security measures has me worried. Allah Ya kiyaye mu daga sharrin masu sharri. We need more than just announcements.
FB190	July 2024	News Response	Gaskiya this government tire me seriously.
FB191	August 2024	News Response	Government keep making promises amma nothing changes on ground. Same story every year.
FB192	August 2024	News Response	People are tired of promises, gaskiya action is what we need right now.
FB193	September 2024	News Response	Na ga a report on youth unemployment. Wallahi abin ya ban tsoro sosai. Ya kamata the private sector should create more jobs.
FB194	October 2024	News Response	The flood in Sokoto is terrible. Allah ya taimaka, people really need help.
FB195	October 2024	News Response	Mutane sun fara kuka da sabon haraji. The government should really review this policy.
FB196	December 2024	News Response	This news about the economic hardship is hitting hard. Gaskiya, dole gwamnati ta yi wani abu. The citizens are really suffering.
FB197	January 2025	News Response	Ya kamata a gyara titunan nan da wuri, it's high time.
FB198	January 2025	News Response	Wannan magana ta the UN on climate change is sobering. Ya kamata mu yi a better job of protecting our environment. Duniya tana changing rapidly.
FB199	April 2025	News Response	The new e-passport policy is confusing everyone. Don Allah, su fassara mana da harshen da muke fahimta. Why make simple things complicated?
FB200	April 2025	News Response	So the government is launching another ‘virtual economic hub.’ Ina jin mun ji irin wannan maganar a baya. A gaskiya, we need tangible results, not just digital slogans.
FB201	May 2025	News Response	It is what it is. Muna rokon Allah ya kawo mana karshen wannan matsala, seriously.
FB202	June 2025	News Response	Dole mu goyi bayan the new bill on electoral reform. Ba zai zama perfect ba, amma it’s better than nothing. Sai mun yi progress.
FB203	October 2025	News Response	Farashin kaya yana tashi kullum, it's becoming unbearable.
FB204	October 2025	News Response	Wannan magana ta the Health Minister kan polio eradication is a positive step. Amma ina jin ba zai ishe mu ba. Dole suyi more funding for vaccines.
FB205	November 2025	News Response	This new policy is giving ‘we didn't think this through’ energy. Za a iya ganin gazawar su a nisan kilomita. It's doomed to fail from the start.
FB206	December 2025	News Response	Gaskiya the state of the Nigerian railway system is improving. Ya kamata gwamnati ta ci gaba da investing in infrastructure. We need more connections.

7. Politics 5

ID	Date	Context	Text (verbatim)
FB207	January 2023	Politics	Wannan sabon policy ɗin na CBN is completely out of touch. Ba za su iya yin hakan ba! Ya kamata mu yi a public protest to reject this nonsense.
FB208	February 2023	Politics	Wallahi the fuel scarcity is a national disgrace. Ya kamata a dauki immediate action kan magance shi. Muna wahala sosai to get fuel.
FB209	March 2023	Politics	Ina ganin the political class is completely out of touch with reality. Ba su san yadda mutane ke wahala ba. Dole mu zabi better leaders next time.
FB210	April 2023	Politics	Kai, wannan magana ta the presidential candidate is so vague. Ba shi da a clear plan kan yadda zai gyara the economy. Sai mun ga concrete steps.
FB211	May 2023	Politics	Gaskiya the level of corruption in our ministries is astonishing. Ya kamata EFCC ta yi a massive sweep don kama the culprits. We need accountability.
FB212	June 2023	Politics	Dole mu yi a closer look at the new budget. Ba za mu bar them to spend money on unnecessary things ba. Ya kamata we audit everything.
FB213	July 2023	Politics	Na ga a post about insecurity in the North West. Wallahi abin ya ban tsoro sosai. Ya kamata the military should be more proactive. Rayuwa ba ta da value yanzu.
FB214	August 2023	Politics	Wannan magana ta the governor on infrastructure is a lie. Ba za mu yarda ba. Ku fito ku ga the state of the roads. Sai mun yi protest to get attention.
FB215	September 2023	Politics	Gaskiya the dispute between the National Assembly and the Presidency is uncalled for. Ya kamata suyi a better job of working together for the nation.
FB216	January 2024	Politics	Dole mu zabi a leader da yake da empathy. Ba za mu zabi wani wanda ba shi da a feeling for the masses. Rayuwa is too hard for that.
FB217	February 2024	Politics	Kai, this political appointment is biased. Ya kamata the process should be more transparent. Ba za mu yarda with favouritism ba. This is wrong.
FB218	March 2024	Politics	Wannan speech ɗin by the youth representative was very powerful. Wallahi ya sa ni want to participate in politics. Sai mun yi a real impact.
FB219	April 2024	Politics	Gaskiya the state of the local education system is pathetic. Ya kamata the State Government should invest more money in schools. Ilimi is the key.
FB220	May 2024	Politics	Dole mu kira for a reform of the judicial system. Ba za mu bar injustice to continue in silence. We need a fair trial.
FB221	June 2024	Politics	Na ga a report about debt servicing. Wallahi abin ya ban tsoro sosai. Ya kamata the finance minister should resign nan da wuri. This is a mess.
FB222	July 2024	Politics	Wannan magana ta the APC chairman is inflammatory. Ba za mu yarda with hate speech ba. Dole a ɗauki action against him.
FB223	August 2024	Politics	Kai, this power struggle between the lawmakers is ridiculous. Ya kamata suyi a better job of focusing on legislation. Mu daina wasting time on drama.
FB224	September 2024	Politics	Gaskiya the economic hardship is forcing many people to leave the country. Ya kamata gwamnati ta yi a serious intervention kafin komai ya lalace.
FB225	October 2024	Politics	Dole mu goyi bayan the new anti-terrorism bill. Ba za mu bar the terrorists to destroy our peace. We must fight them together.
FB226	November 2024	Politics	Wannan mataki ɗin by the state assembly is unconstitutional. Ba su da the legal authority to do that. Dole a ɗauki legal action.
FB227	January 2025	Politics	Gaskiya the lack of youth engagement in politics is the biggest problem. Ya kamata mu yi a sensitisation campaign. We must wake up.
FB228	February 2025	Politics	Dole mu kira for a reform of the judicial system. Ba za mu bar injustice to continue in silence. We need a fair trial.
FB229	March 2025	Politics	Na ga a tweet from a political analyst. Amma ina jin he’s too biased sosai. Dole in nemo a more neutral source.
FB230	April 2025	Politics	Kai, this political drama is distracting the nation. Ya kamata mu mai da our focus to the economy. Mu daina chasing shadows.
FB231	May 2025	Politics	Wannan shirin by the state governor to build a new complex is a waste of money. Ba shi da any economic benefit. Dole a soke shi.
FB232	June 2025	Politics	Gaskiya the anti-corruption body should investigate the recent contract. Ya kamata suyi their job without fear or favour. We need justice.
FB233	July 2025	Politics	Dole mu goyi bayan the new bill on electoral reform. Ba zai zama perfect ba, amma it’s better than nothing. Sai mun yi progress.

 8. Religion (=35)

ID	Date	Context	Text (verbatim)
FB234	January 2023	Religion	Dole ne mu tuna the importance of Zakat and Sadaqah. Ba za mu manta da the poor and needy ba. We must share our blessings. Allah ya karba.
FB235	February 2023	Religion	Gaskiya I feel peaceful when I listen to Qur'an recitation. Ya kamata mu yi more meditation kan the verses. Dole mu nemi hikima a ciki.
FB236	March 2023	Religion	Dole mu koyi how to be patient with life’s trials. Ba za mu bar despair to overwhelm us. We must trust in God’s plan. Patience is key.
FB237	April 2023	Religion	The way some people are so quick to judge others, it’s like they’ve forgotten the teachings of Islam. Kowa yana da zunubi, so let's focus on our own deeds and pray for forgiveness.
FB238	April 2023	Religion	Na ga a post about fasting outside Ramadan. Wallahi abin ya ban mamaki sosai. Ya kamata we should observe more voluntary fasts. Dole mu yi ibada sosai.
FB239	May 2023	Religion	Kai, this sermon on forgiveness was very powerful. Ya kamata mu yi a better job of forgiving those who hurt us. Ba za mu rike kiyayya ba.
FB240	May 2023	Religion	Instead of spreading gossip on Facebook groups, ku fi son yin addu'a. Allah Ya sa mu yi amfani da wannan platform don neman ilimi da kuma yada sadaqah.
FB241	June 2023	Religion	Wannan hadith ɗin is very clear about the rights of neighbours. Ba za mu iya ignore it. Dole mu yi a better job of being good neighbours. Sake mu yi aiki da shi.
FB242	June 2023	Religion	As we share and comment on things today, let's not forget the purpose of our existence. Allah Ya kiyaye mu daga riya. May our online actions be sincere.
FB243	July 2023	Religion	Gaskiya the way people misuse religious quotes on social media is wrong. Ya kamata su yi more research before they post anything. Dole mu kiyaye da fitina.
FB244	July 2023	Religion	Allah Ya kiyaye mu daga duk wani bala'i. Muna rokon zaman lafiya a cikin al'umma. Let’s continue to pray for our country and our leaders, may He guide them right.
FB245	January 2024	Religion	Dole mu tuna the sanctity of marriage. Ba za mu bar small issues to destroy our homes. We must communicate. Ya kamata we seek counseling idan akwai matsala.
FB246	February 2024	Religion	Gaskiya I miss Ramadan. Ya kamata mu yi a better job of maintaining the habits we built during the fasting month. Dole mu ci gaba da sallah da azumi.
FB247	March 2024	Religion	Dole mu koyi how to control our anger. Ba za mu bar our emotions to lead us to sin. We must seek God’s protection. Ya kamata we practice self-control.
FB248	April 2024	Religion	Na ga a video about Hajj. Wallahi abin ya ban sha'awa sosai. Ya kamata everyone should save money to go one day. Dole mu yi niyya mai kyau.
FB249	April 2024	Religion	Let’s remember to be kind in our online interactions. Mutunci ya fi komai. The way we treat each other reflects our faith.
FB250	May 2024	Religion	Kai, this local Imam is very knowledgeable. Ya kamata mu yi a better job of attending his lectures. Ba za mu sami such wisdom everywhere. Dole mu gode wa Allah.
FB251	June 2024	Religion	Wannan surah ɗin is very beautiful. Ba na gane how anyone can deny the power of the Qur'an. Dole mu yi more recitation. Ya kamata we reflect kan verses.
FB252	July 2024	Religion	Gaskiya the state of moral decay is worrying. Ya kamata parents should instill better values in their children. Dole mu koya musu addini.
FB253	August 2024	Religion	Dole mu gode wa Allah for the gift of good health. Ba za mu manta that health is wealth. We must use our strength wisely. Ya kamata we stay active.
FB254	September 2024	Religion	Na yi a spiritual retreat last weekend. Amma ina jin I gained so much peace. Ya kamata everyone should try it. Dole mu nemi nutsuwa a ciki.
FB255	September 2024	Religion	Let’s use our Facebook platform to spread positivity and teachings of Islam/Christianity. Maimakon yawan jayayya, mu yi addu'a. God bless.
FB256	October 2024	Religion	Kai, this judgmental attitude on social media is un-Islamic. Ya kamata mu yi a better job of showing compassion. Ba za mu yi hukunci ba.
FB257	November 2024	Religion	Wannan magana ta the scholar on financial ethics is very relevant. Ba za mu yi any transaction that is haram. Dole mu kiyaye. Ya kamata we seek halal only.
FB258	January 2025	Religion	Gaskiya I feel closer to God when I visit the mosque. Ya kamata mu yi a better job of maintaining the sacred place. Dole mu yi addu’a sosai.
FB259	February 2025	Religion	Ya kamata mu rage yawan magana a kan abin duniya, it's distracting.
FB260	February 2025	Religion	Dole mu koya how to be humble. Ba za mu bar arrogance to destroy our good deeds. We must seek forgiveness always. Ya kamata we apologize idan mun yi kuskure.
FB261	March 2025	Religion	Na ga a documentary about Prophet Muhammad (SAW). Wallahi abin ya ban hawaye sosai. Ya kamata we should follow his Sunnah. Dole mu yi koyinsa.
FB262	April 2025	Religion	Kai, this religious intolerance must stop. Ya kamata mu yi a better job of showing respect for all faiths. Ba za mu yi muguwar magana ba.
FB263	May 2025	Religion	Amidst all this talk of quantum computing and the metaverse, our purpose remains the same: to worship Allah. Duniya makaryaciya ce. Don't get lost in the simulation.
FB264	May 2025	Religion	Wannan magana ta the Mufti kan social media use is powerful. Ba za mu bar platform to destroy our faith. Dole mu yi self-control.
FB265	June 2025	Religion	Gaskiya the state of the Muslim world is worrying. Ya kamata mu yi a better job of uniting our Ummah. Dole mu ci gaba da addu’a.
FB266	June 2025	Religion	As we navigate all these new AI tools, let's not forget our humanity. Allah Ya bamu hikima. Technology is a tool, not a god.
FB267	July 2025	Religion	Dole mu gode wa Allah for his countless blessings. Ba za mu manta to say Alhamdulillah kullum. We must be grateful always.
FB268	November 2025	Religion	Wannan labari na the new converts is inspiring. Ba za mu bar the opportunity to make Da'wah to pass ba. Dole mu yi kiran musulunci.

 

9. Youth Culture N=35

 

ID	Date	Context	Text (verbatim)
FB269	January 2023	Youth Culture	Wannan TikTok challenge ɗin is really dangerous, wallahi. Ba kowa ne ya kamata ya gwada ba. I saw a clip where somebody fell off a bike, mai ban tsoro sosai. Ku kiyaye, don Allah.
FB270	February 2023	Youth Culture	Kai, that new song from Rema dey scatter my brain. Ban ji such a powerful beat a kwanakin nan ba. It’s giving main character energy wallahi. Na so in yi a dance video to it.
FB271	March 2023	Youth Culture	Gaskiya our generation is facing too much anxiety. Yawan comparing our lives to others on social media zai kashe mu. Muna bukatan a real detox, seriously.
FB272	April 2023	Youth Culture	Ina ganin that bag I bought from the online vendor is fake. Ta ce it was original leather amma gaskiya bana yarda ba. Yanzu dole in yi a dispute to get my money back.
FB273	May 2023	Youth Culture	Wannan Aboki na ya fara dating his best friend's sister. Wallahi ya zama too complicated. I told him dole zai yi breaking the bro code. Sai mun ga how this drama ends.
FB274	June 2023	Youth Culture	Me ya sa kuke cewa this new fashion trend is ugly? I think it looks cool, wallahi! Ku daina being so judgmental jare. Everybody should wear what they want.
FB275	July 2023	Youth Culture	Muna da a plan to go to the beach next weekend, amma ina jin the rain might spoil everything. Don Allah ruwa ya daina! I need that vibe.
FB276	August 2023	Youth Culture	Wannan magana ta the local celebrity is causing too much drama. Ya kamata suyi shiru kawai. Ba kowa ya san the full story ba, so stop spreading misinformation.
FB277	September 2023	Youth Culture	Na gama kallon that new Netflix series. Amma plot twist ɗin at the end ya ban mamaki sosai. I didn't see that coming at all.
FB278	October 2023	Youth Culture	Gaskiya being a Gen Z is exhausting. Yawan pressure on social media to look perfect ba shi da dadi. Sai mun kiyaye our mental health.
FB279	November 2023	Youth Culture	Kai! That concert last night was fire! The DJ ya manta da kan sa when he played the old school jamz. Na so in koma and do it all again yanzu!
FB280	January 2024	Youth Culture	Na sayi a new gaming console. Amma system ɗin ya fi naka girma sosai! The graphics are amazing. Sai mun yi a multiplayer match next week.
FB281	February 2024	Youth Culture	Wannan hairstyle ɗin da User G8 ya yi is simply iconic. Ya kamata every barber should learn this technique. It’s a masterpiece!
FB282	March 2024	Youth Culture	Gaskiya the struggle is real when you try to leave a WhatsApp group without saying anything. Sai ka ji kamar kana guduwa daga wani crime scene.
FB283	April 2024	Youth Culture	Ba za ku taba gane the feeling when you finally finish a long assignment! Na ji kamar an ɗauke a heavy weight off my shoulder. Total relief!
FB284	May 2024	Youth Culture	Ina neman a good book to read during the holidays. Ku ba ni some recommendations. Ba na son anything too serious, wallahi.
FB285	June 2024	Youth Culture	That new single by User H2 is a banger! Ya kamata it should be the number one song in the country yanzu. The beat is infectious.
FB286	July 2024	Youth Culture	Na ga a post about the latest memes. Wallahi ba na gane how they come up with this stuff. It’s pure genius and chaos combined.
FB287	August 2024	Youth Culture	Wannan filter ɗin ya sa ni kama da a cartoon character! I love how dramatic it looks. Sai mun yi a photo shoot with it.
FB288	September 2024	Youth Culture	Kai, this TikTok algorithm is dangerous. Yana nuna min things I didn't even know I needed. My time and my money are disappearing sosai.
FB289	October 2024	Youth Culture	Na yi a huge mistake today. I replied to an old comment thinking it was a new one. Kun ga abin kunya! Time to log off.
FB290	November 2024	Youth Culture	Gaskiya I miss the days when we didn't have to worry about social media. Rayuwa ta fi simple a lokacin. Everything is complicated now.
FB291	December 2024	Youth Culture	Wannan party ɗin was the best! Na manta da duk my worries for a few hours. Sai mun sake yi it all again soon, wallahi.
FB292	January 2025	Youth Culture	Kai, this new slang is confusing. Ba na gane me it means ba. Dole in tambayi my younger brother. I feel old now.
FB293	February 2025	Youth Culture	Na tafi a road trip last weekend. Amma motar ta yi overheating. Mun sha wahala sosai. The whole journey was stressful.
FB294	March 2025	Youth Culture	User J9 ya ce he’s quitting gaming. Amma mun san karya yake yi! Ba zai iya ba. He'll be back online by tomorrow night.
FB295	April 2025	Youth Culture	Wannan hoton da aka ɗauka is just perfect! Ba sai an yi any editing ba. The quality is amazing. Sai mun yi more shoots like this.
FB296	May 2025	Youth Culture	Gaskiya I can’t believe the price of cinema tickets now. Sun tashi sosai. Dole in jira the movie to come on Netflix.
FB297	June 2025	Youth Culture	Na ga a post that reminded me of our secondary school days. Wallahi mun sha dariya sosai. Life was so carefree then.
FB298	July 2025	Youth Culture	Kai, why is everybody suddenly obsessed with vinyl records? Ba na gane the vibe ba. CDs were good enough for us.
FB299	August 2025	Youth Culture	Wannan magana ta the local influencer is causing too much wahala. Ya kamata he should just focus on fashion and stop talking about politics.
FB300	September 2025	Youth Culture	Na sayi a new pair of headphones. Amma sound quality ɗin ya fi my old ones better. Ina jin zan iya listening to music all day.
FB301	October 2025	Youth Culture	Gaskiya being a social media user is hard work. Sai an yi posting da engagement kullum. Na gaji sosai, but the grind continues.