QUESTION ❓
About a year ago, I suffered a miscarriage when I
was approximately three months pregnant. I stopped praying until the bleeding
stopped. Later, I was told that I should not have stopped praying.
What should I do now, especially since I do not know exactly how many prayers I missed?
ANSWER ❗️
The basic ruling depends on the condition
of the miscarried foetus and whether recognisable human features had appeared.
This is an important matter because not
every bleeding following a miscarriage is automatically considered nifās
(postpartum bleeding).
When Is the Blood
Considered Nifās?
The jurists discussed the ruling of blood
following miscarriage in detail.
If the miscarried foetus had reached a stage at
which human features were recognisable, such as the formation
of identifiable limbs or other human characteristics, the blood following the
miscarriage can be treated as nifās.
In that situation, the woman does not pray or
fast while the nifās continues. When the bleeding ends, she performs ghusl and
resumes prayer.
However, if the miscarriage occurred at an
earlier stage and the miscarried material had not developed
recognisable human features, the blood is not automatically treated as
nifās. Depending on its characteristics and timing, it may instead be
considered menstruation or abnormal bleeding (istiḥāḍah), and the
relevant ruling would apply.
Therefore, the mere statement that the
miscarriage occurred in the “third month” is not, by itself, sufficient to
determine the ruling.
What About the
80- or 81-Day Period?
Some scholars discuss the development of the
foetus in terms of particular stages, based on the hadith concerning the stages
of creation.
However, it is better not to make the ruling
depend solely on counting an assumed number of days. The actual condition of
the miscarried foetus is important.
If medical records from the miscarriage are
available, they may help determine whether the foetus had reached the stage at
which recognisable human features had developed.
For a case that happened a year ago and where the
exact circumstances are uncertain, it would be appropriate to consult a
qualified scholar or mufti and provide whatever medical information is
available.
What If She
Stopped Praying Because She Thought the Bleeding Was Nifās?
If it turns out that the bleeding was not
nifās, then the prayers missed during that period remain an obligation
according to the majority position.
She should make a sincere effort to determine
approximately how many obligatory prayers she missed and begin making them up.
Allah says:
فَاتَّقُوا
اللَّهَ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ
Fattaqū Allāha mastataʿtum.
“So fear Allah as much as you are able.”
Qur’an 64:16
She does not need to become overwhelmed by
uncertainty. She should make a reasonable estimate based on what she remembers
and what can be established from the circumstances, then make up the prayers
according to that estimate.
What If She
Cannot Remember the Exact Number?
If she genuinely cannot remember the exact number
of prayers missed, she should make a reasonable and sincere estimate.
For example, she may determine approximately:
·
when the bleeding began;
·
how long it lasted;
·
how many days she believed
she was excused;
·
and how many daily prayers
would have fallen within that period.
She can then make up what she reasonably believes
she owes.
She should not allow uncertainty to become a
source of obsessive doubt. The objective is to fulfil the obligation as
accurately as she reasonably can.
An Important
Point About Her Intention
If she stopped praying because she sincerely
believed that she was in a state of nifās, she should not despair or assume
that she has deliberately abandoned prayer.
She acted according to what she believed at the
time. Once she learns that the ruling may have been different, she should
correct the matter as best she can.
Allah says:
لَا يُكَلِّفُ
اللَّهُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا مَا آتَاهَا
Lā yukallifullāhu nafsan illā mā ātāhā.
“Allah does not burden a soul beyond what He has
given it.”
Qur’an 65:7
Summary
The ruling can be summarised as follows:
If the miscarriage occurred after the
foetus had developed recognisable human features, the blood following
the miscarriage may be treated as nifās, and the woman does
not pray during that nifās.
If the miscarriage occurred before
recognisable human features had developed, the blood is not
automatically nifās. Its ruling must be determined according to the applicable
rules of menstruation and abnormal bleeding.
Therefore, being approximately three
months pregnant is not, by itself, enough to determine the ruling.
Since this particular miscarriage occurred a year
ago and the exact circumstances are no longer clear, the woman should try to
establish the stage of the pregnancy and, if possible, obtain the relevant
medical information. She should then present the details to a qualified scholar
or mufti.
If it is established that she should have been
praying during part or all of that period, she should make a reasonable
estimate of the prayers missed and make them up.
If it is established that the bleeding was
genuine nifās, then the prayers she omitted during that nifās do not
need to be made up, because menstruating and postpartum women are not required
to perform those prayers.
Allah knows best.
Zauren Fatawoyi Bisa Al-Qur’ani da Sunnah
ﺳُﺒﺤَﺎﻧَﻚَ ﺍﻟﻠَّﻬُﻢَّ ﻭَﺑِﺤَﻤْﺪِﻙَ ﺃﺷْﻬَﺪُ ﺃﻥ ﻟَﺎ ﺇِﻟَﻪَ ﺇِﻻَّ ﺃﻧْﺖَ ﺃﺳْﺘَﻐْﻔِﺮُﻙَ ﻭﺃَﺗُﻮﺏُ ﺇِﻟَﻴْﻚ
WALLAHU A'ALAM.
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